Can ChatGPT generate surgical multiple-choice questions comparable to those written by a surgeon?

Background: This study aimed to determine whether surgical multiple-choice questions generated by ChatGPT are comparable to those written by human experts (surgeons).

Methods: The study was conducted at a medical school and involved 112 fourth-year medical students. Based on five learning objectives in general surgery (colorectal, gastric, trauma, breast, thyroid), ChatGPT and surgeons generated five multiple-choice questions.

Ethical Approaches in General Surgery Residency Training: A Blended Learning Module Trial.

Aim: This study aimed to develop a blended training module focusing on ethical approaches within general surgery residency training and to assess the impact of this training on participants.

Methods: Based on the literature review and input from both general surgery residents and trainers, 14 topics were identified, and corresponding learning objectives were formulated. The training was conducted through a blended learning module, which encompassed online video presentations alongside face-to-face sessions involving real-life cases.

Accelerated Reversible Conversion of LiS to LiS by Spidroin Regulated Li Flux for High-performance Li-Sulfur Batteries.

Regulating the transformation of sulfur species is the key to improving the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, in particular, to accelerate the reversible conversion between solid phase LiS and LiS. Herein, we introduced Spidroin, which is a main protein in spider silk, as a dual functional separator coating in Li-S batteries to effectively adsorb polysulfides via the sequence of amino acids in its primary structure and regulate Li flux through the β-sheet of its secondary structure, thus accelerating the reversible transformation between LiS and LiS. Spidroin-based Li-S cells exhibited an exceptional electrochemical performance with a high specific capacity of 744.

Carbon Dioxide Capture: Current Status and Future Prospects.

The surge in greenhouse gas emissions, predominantly in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2) spurred by the Industrial Revolution, has surpassed the critical threshold of 400 ppm, fueling global warming, ocean acidification, and climate change. To mitigate the adverse effects of these emissions and limit the global temperature rise to below 2 °C, the ambitious target of achieving net zero emissions by 2050 was established in the Paris Agreement. Current state-of-the-art technologies, such as amine scrubbing, remain problematic owing to their high energy requirements, susceptibility to corrosion, and other operational challenges.

Interfacial Stabilization by Prelithiated Trithiocyanuric Acid as an Organic Additive in Sulfide-Based All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries.

Sulfide-based all-solid-state battery (ASSB) with a lithium metal anode (LMA) is a promising candidate to surpass conventional Li-ion batteries owing to their inherent safety against fire hazards and potential to achieve a higher energy density. However, the narrow electrochemical stability window and chemical reactivity of the sulfide solid electrolyte towards the LMA results in interfacial degradation and poor electrochemical performance. In this direction, we introduce an organic additive approach, that is the mixing of prelithiated trithiocyanuric acid, LiTCA, with LiPSCl, to establish a stable interface while preserving high ionic conductivity.

One-Component Nanocomposites Made from Diblock Copolymer Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystals.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-based, rod-like, high-aspect-ratio nanoparticles with high stiffness and strength and are widely used as a reinforcing nanofiller in polymer nanocomposites. However, due to hydrogen-bond formation between the large number of hydroxyl groups on their surface, CNCs are prone to aggregate, especially in nonpolar polymer matrices. One possibility to overcome this problem is to graft polymers from the CNCs' surfaces and to process the resulting "hairy nanoparticles" (HNPs) into one-component nanocomposites (OCNs) in which the polymer matrix and CNC filler are covalently connected.

Diels-Alder cycloaddition polymerization for porous poly-phenylenes with exceptional gas uptake properties.

We report the synthesis of two-dimensional and three-dimensional porous polyphenylenes (2D/3D-pPPs) the Diels-Alder cycloaddition polymerization reaction. The resulting 2D and 3D-pPPs showed surface areas up to 1553 m g, pore volumes of 1.45 cm g and very high H uptake capacities of 7.

Porous Organic Polymers for Selective Palladium Recovery and Heterogeneous Catalysis.

Palladium (Pd) recycling from waste materials is an important approach in order to meet the growing demand for Pd originating from its broad range of applications including automotive industry, electronics and catalysis. In this article, we discuss the design principles of solid-sorbents for efficient recovery of Pd from waste sources with a particular emphasis on porous organic polymers (POPs), which emerged as promising porous materials for Pd recovery due to their tunable chemical functionality, stability and porosity. We discuss the critical role of binding sites and porosity in the Pd uptake capacity, adsorption kinetics and selectivity.

Mixed-metal Ionothermal Synthesis of Metallophthalocyanine Covalent Organic Frameworks for CO Capture and Conversion.

Phthalocyanines (PCs) are intriguing building blocks owing to their stability, physicochemical and catalytic properties. Although PC-based polymers have been reported before, many suffer from relatively low stability, crystallinity, and low surface areas. Utilizing a mixed-metal salt ionothermal approach, we report the synthesis of a series of metallophthalocyanine-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) starting from 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene and 2,3,6,7-tetracyanoanthracene to form the corresponding COFs named M-pPPCs and M-anPPCs, respectively.

Molecular regulation of electrolytes for enhancing anode interfacial stability in lithium-sulfur batteries.

We addressed the poor interfacial stability of the Li metal anode in Li-S batteries through molecular regulation of electrolytes using arylthiol additives with various numbers of anchoring sites. The dual functional tetrathiol additive markedly enhanced the Li anode interfacial stability, controlled the sulfur redox kinetics and suppressed side reactions towards polysulfides, thus leading to an improved capacity retention of 70% after 500 cycles at 1 C.

Fully Conjugated Benzyne-Derived Three-Dimensional Porous Organic Polymers.

Porous organic polymers (POPs) have gained tremendous attention owing to their chemical tunability, stability and high surface areas. Whereas there are several examples of fully conjugated two-dimensional (2D) POPs, three-dimensional (3D) ones are rather challenging to realize in the absence of structural templates. Herein, we report the base-catalyzed direct synthesis of a fully conjugated 3D POPs, named benzyne-derived polymers (BDPs), containing biphenylene and tetraphenylene moieties starting from a simple bisbenzyne precursor, which undergoes [2+2] and [2+2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions to form BDPs primarily composed of biphenylene and tetraphenylene moieties.

Magnetically Guided Synthesis of Anisotropic Porous Carbons toward Efficient CO Capture and Magnetic Separation of Oil.

Conventional synthetic strategies do not allow one to impart structural anisotropy into porous carbons, thus leading to limited control over their textural properties. While structural anisotropy alters the mechanical properties of materials, it also introduces an additional degree of directionality to increase the pore connectivity and thus the flux in the designed direction. Accordingly, in this work the structure of porous carbons prepared from resorcinol-formaldehyde gels has been rendered anisotropic by integrating superparamagnetic colloids to the sol-gel precursor solution and by applying a uniform magnetic field during the sol-gel transition, which enables the self-assembly of magnetic colloids into chainlike structures to template the growth of the gel phase.

Fast light-switchable polymeric carbon nitride membranes for tunable gas separation.

Switchable gas separation membranes are intriguing systems for regulating the transport properties of gases. However, existing stimuli-responsive gas separation membranes suffer from either very slow response times or require high energy input for switching to occur. Accordingly, herein, we introduced light-switchable polymeric carbon nitride (pCN) gas separation membranes with fast response times prepared from melamine precursor through in-situ formation and deposition of pCN onto a porous support using chemical vapor deposition.

Porous organic polymers for CO capture, separation and conversion.

Porous organic polymers (POPs) have long been considered as prime candidates for carbon dioxide (CO) capture, separation, and conversion. Especially their permanent porosity, structural tunability, stability and relatively low cost are key factors in such considerations. Whereas heteratom-rich microporous networks as well as their amine impregnation/functionalization have been actively exploited to boost the CO affinity of POPs, recently, the focus has shifted to engineering the pore environment, resulting in a new generation of highly microporous POPs rich in heteroatoms and featuring abundant catalytic sites for the capture and conversion of CO into value-added products.

Harvesting Electrical Power during Carbon Capture using Various Amine Solvents.

There exists an urgent demand for the advancement of technologies that reduce and capture carbon dioxide (CO) emissions to mitigate anthropogenic contributions to climate change. This paper compares the maximum power densities achieved from the combination of reverse electrodialysis (RED) with carbon capture (CC) using various CC solvents. Carbon capture reverse electrodialysis (CCRED) harvests energy from the salinity gradients generated from the reaction of CO with specific solvents, generally amines.

Does COVID-19 increase the incidence of spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma?

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic started to affect Turkey in March 2020. In this study, we retrospectively investigated spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma (S-RSH) in patients with COVID-19 presenting with acute abdominal pain during the ongoing pandemic.

Methods: The demographic characteristics, laboratory findings, length of hospital stay, and treatment processes of COVID-19 cases with S-RSH detected between March and December 2020 were recorded.

Fluorinated ether electrolyte with controlled solvation structure for high voltage lithium metal batteries.

The development of new solvents is imperative in lithium metal batteries due to the incompatibility of conventional carbonate and narrow electrochemical windows of ether-based electrolytes. Whereas the fluorinated ethers showed improved electrochemical stabilities, they can hardly solvate lithium ions. Thus, the challenge in electrolyte chemistry is to combine the high voltage stability of fluorinated ethers with high lithium ion solvation ability of ethers in a single molecule.

Integrated Ring-Chain Design of a New Fluorinated Ether Solvent for High-Voltage Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Ether-based electrolytes offer promising features such as high lithium-ion solvation power and stable interface, yet their limited oxidation stability impedes application in high-voltage Li-metal batteries (LMBs). Whereas the fluorination of the ether backbone improves the oxidative stability, the resulting solvents lose their Li -solvation ability. Therefore, the rational molecular design of solvents is essential to combine high redox stability with good ionic conductivity.