A comprehensive review of soil remediation contaminated by persistent organic pollutants using electrokinetic: Challenging enhancement techniques.

The hydrophobic, hard-to-naturally-decompose compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and pesticides, are categorized as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). POPs are toxic/hazardous and present serious risks to human health. Electrokinetic (EK) remediation is highly flexible and cost-effective, suitable for both in-situ and ex-situ applications.

Application of enhanced electrokinetic remediation by coupling surfactants for kerosene-contaminated soils: Effect of ionic and nonionic surfactants.

Electrokinetic (EK) by coupling surfactants is an enhanced promising remediation technology to eliminate hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOC) from low-permeable soils. It is also applied to remediate kerosene-contaminated soils using anionic (SDS) and non-ionic (Tween 80) surfactants at different concentrations. There was negligible removal efficiency (40%) of kerosene during traditional EK without any enhancement technique.