Optimal production and purification of n.c.a.Pr as a promising palliative agent for the treatment of metastatic bone pain.

This study proposes the beta-emitting radioisotope Pr as a promising candidate for palliative treatment of metastatic bone pain due to its desirable physical decay characteristics. An optimized process was developed for the production and purification of non-carrier-added Pr using a medium flux research reactor. Calculations were performed to determine the optimal irradiation time and cooling period for irradiating 1 mg of natural cerium oxide to indirectly produce Pr through the decay of Ce.

Investigation of Radiolabeling Efficacy by Enhancement of the Chemical form of no Carrier Added Lu Isolated by Electro Amalgamation Process.

Background: Due to the suitable nuclear decay characteristics, Lu is an attractive radionuclide for various therapeutic applications. The non-carrier added form ofLu has drawn much attention because of its high specific activity needed in radiolabeling studies. There have been several separation methods for NCALu production.

Development of Re-Chitosan as an Effective Therapeutic Agent for Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory chronic disease characterized by inflammation, pain, swelling and disability, and radiosynovectomy is one of the disease treatment lines. In this study, the possibility of providing rhenium-186/rhenium-188 chitosan radiopharmaceuticals, optimization of conditions for their production and bio-distribution are reported.

Objective: In order to build perrhenic acid for labeling, natural rhenium was exposed to radiation.

ESTIMATION OF HUMAN DOSE OF 188/186RE-HEDP COCKTAIL BASED ON OLINDA/EXM AND DISTRIBUTION DATA IN RATS.

188Re and 186Re are two applicable rhenium medical radioisotopes with complementary features that make them beneficial for different sizes of tumours. The aim of this study is to investigate 188/186Re-HEDP efficacy as a cocktail by calculating absorbed radiation dose in human organs based on biodistribution data obtained by injecting it to normal rats. Three rats were sacrificed at different time intervals and the percentage of injected dose per gram of each organ was measured by direct counting from rat data.

Lu/Sm-Ethylenediamine Tetramethylene Phosphonic Acid Cocktail: A Novel Palliative Treatment for Patients with Bone Metastases.

Production of effective, low-cost, and efficient radiopharmaceuticals is an important task and requires further research and clinical studies. In this clinical trial, safety and efficacy of Lu/Sm-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) cocktail has been evaluated for pain relief of bone metastases. Twenty-five patients with the mean age of 55.

Highly Stable 177Lu-Organic Framework as a Potential Agent for Treatment of Metastatic Bone.

In this paper, the metal organic framework (MOF) concept is contributed to rearrange the bone-seeking agent composed of carrier-free lutetium-177 (Lu-177), 1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraaminomethylenephosphonate (DOTMP) and cupper (II) (Cu (II)) for preparation of a potential agent for treatment of bone metastases. The product was characterized (infra-red spectroscopy, IR, and X-ray diffraction analysis) and quality-controlled (radio-thin layer chromatography, (RTLC)). The stability and in vitro hydroxyapatite binding was checked up to 1.

Feasibility study for production and quality control of Yb-175 as a byproduct of no carrier added Lu-177 preparation for radiolabeling of DOTMP.

Skeletal uptake of β emitters of DOTMP complexes is used for the bone pain palliation. In this study, two moderate energy β emitters, Lu (T = 6.7 days, E = 497 keV) and Yb (T = 4.

Absorbed doses in humans from Re-Rituximab in the free form and bound to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: Biodistribution study in mice.

Absorbed doses to human organs from Re-Rituximab in the free form and bound to superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were predicted from results of the radiopharmaceutical biodistribution studies in mice by the RADAR method. Overall, equivalent and effective doses to human organs from the radiopharmaceutical on the nanoparticles were higher because of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Liver, spleen and kidneys received higher equivalent doses than other organs (5.

Preparation and evaluation of APTES-PEG coated iron oxide nanoparticles conjugated to rhenium-188 labeled rituximab.

Radioimmuno-conjugated (Rhenium-188 labeled Rituximab), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and then characterized. Therapeutic effect and targeting efficacy of complex were evaluated in CD20 express B cell lines and tumor bearing Balb/c mice respectively. To reach these purposes, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized using coprecipitation method and then their surface was treated with APTES for increasing retention time of SPIONs in blood circulation and amine group creation.

Samarium-153-(4-[((bis (phosphonomethyl)) carbamoyl) methyl]-7,10-bis (carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl) acetic acid: A novel agent for bone pain palliation therapy.

Aim: Various phosphonate ligands labeled with β--emitting radionuclides have shown good efficacy for bone pain palliation. In this study, a new agent for bone pain palliation has been developed.

Materials And Methods: Samarium-153-(4-[((bis(phosphonomethyl))carbamoyl)methyl]-7,10-bis (carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl) acetic acid (153Sm-BPAMD) complex was prepared using BPAMD ligand and samarium-153 chloride.

Production and quality control 177Lu (NCA)-DOTMP as a potential agent for bone pain palliation.

Skeletal uptake of radiolabeled-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetramethylene phosphoric acid (e.g., 177Lu-DOTMP) complex, is used for bone pain palliation.

Production, quality control, and determination of human absorbed dose of no carrier added Lu-risedronate for bone pain palliation therapy.

In this study, the radiocomplexation of risedronic acid, a potent bisphosphonate with a no carrier added (NCA) Lu, was investigated and followed by quality control studies, biodistribution evaluation, and dosimetry study for human based on biodistribution data in Wistar rats. The moderate energy β emitter, Lu (T  = 6.7 days, E  = 497 keV), has been considered as a potential agent for development of bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals.

Development of an electrochemical W/Re generator as a technique for separation and purification of Re in radiopharmaceutical applications.

In this study, a simple electrochemical procedure adaptable for using low specific activity W for separation and purification of Re from W to obtain no carrier added (NCA) Re is developed. The electrochemical parameters were optimized to maximize the Re electrodeposition yield with minimal W contamination. Two cycle electrolysis procedure was developed.

Preparation, Biological Evaluation and Dosimetry Studies of 175Yb-Bis-Phosphonates for Palliative Treatment of Bone Pain.

Objective: Optimized production and quality control of ytterbium-175 (Yb-175) labeled pamidronate and alendronate complexes as efficient agents for bone pain palliation has been presented.

Methods: Yb-175 labeled pamidronate and alendronate (175Yb-PMD and 175Yb-ALN) complexes were prepared successfully at optimized conditions with acceptable radiochemical purity, stability and significant hydroxyapatite absorption. The biodistribution of complexes were evaluated up to 48 h, which demonstrated significant bone uptake ratios for 175Yb-PAM at all-time intervals.

Effect of low molecular weight organic acids on the uptake of Ra by corn (Zea mays L.) in a region of high natural radioactivity in Ramsar-Iran.

To study the benefit of including citric and oxalic acid treatments for phytoremediation of Ra contaminated soils a greenhouse experiment with corn was conducted. A soil was sampled from a region of high natural Ra radioactivity in Ramsar, Iran. After cultivation of corn seed and using organic acid treatments at 1, 10 and 100 mM concentrations, plants (shoots and roots) were harvested, digested and prepared to measure Ra activity.

Preparation and Quality Control of (68)Ga-Citrate for PET Applications.

Objectives: In nuclear medicine studies, gallium-68 ((8)Ga) citrate has been recently known as a suitable infection agent in positron emission tomography (PET). In this study, by applying an in-house produced (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator, a simple technique for the synthesis and quality control of (68)Ga-citrate was introduced; followed by preliminary animal studies.

Methods: (68)GaCl3 eluted from the generator was studied in terms of quality control factors including radiochemical purity (assessed by HPLC and RTLC), chemical purity (assessed by ICP-EOS), radionuclide purity (evaluated by HPGe), and breakthrough.

Preparation, quality control and biodistribution assessment of ¹⁵³Sm-BPAMD as a novel agent for bone pain palliation therapy.

Objective: Various phosphonate ligands labeled with β(-)-emitting radionuclides have shown good efficacy for bone pain palliation. In this study, a new agent for bone pain palliation has been developed.

Methods: ¹⁵³Sm-(4-{[(bis(phosphonomethyl))carbamoyl]methyl}-7,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl) acetic acid (¹⁵³Sm-BPAMD) complex was prepared using BPAMD ligand and ¹⁵³SmCl3.

Metastatic Bone Pain Palliation using (177)Lu-Ethylenediaminetetramethylene Phosphonic Acid.

(177)Lu-ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) is presently suggested as an excellent bone seeking radionuclide for developing metastatic bone pain (MBP) palliation agent owing to its suitable nuclear decay characteristics. To find the exact dosage and its efficiency, this clinical study was performed on the human being, using (177)Lu-EDTMP for MBP palliation. (177)Lu-EDTMP was prepared by Iran, atomic energy organization.

Production, quality control, and bio-distribution studies of (159)Gd-EDTMP as a palliative agent for bone pain.

Introduction: Particle-emitting, bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals have attracted the attention of the nuclear medicine community over the last three decades for the treatment of the pain of osteoblastic metastases. The objectives of this research were to produce quality-controlled (159)Gd-EDTMP in order to provide a new therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for use in clinical applications.

Methods: The investigation was an experimental study in which (159)Gd (T1/2=18.

Study of Bone Surface Absorbed Dose in Treatment of Bone Metastases via Selected Radiopharmaceuticals: Using MCNP4C Code and Available Experimental Data.

Bone metastases are major clinical concern that can cause severe problems for patients. Currently, various beta emitters are used for bone pain palliation. This study, describes the process for absorbed dose prediction of selected bone surface and volume-seeking beta emitter radiopharmaceuticals such as (32)P, (89)SrCl2,(90)Y-EDTMP,(153)Sm-EDTMP, (166)Ho-DOTMP, (177)Lu-EDTMP,(186)Re-HEDP, and (188)Re-HEDP in human bone, using MCNP code.

Development of (166)Holmium-1,2 Propylene Di-amino Tetra (Methy1enephosphonicacid) as a Possible Bone Palliation Agent.

(166)Holmium-1,2-propylene di-amino tetra (methy1enephosphonicacid) ((166) Ho-PDTMP) complex was prepared successfully using an in-house synthesized PDTMP ligand and (166) HoCl 3 . Ho-166 chloride was obtained by thermal neutron irradiation (1 × 10 (13) n/cm (2) /s) of natural Ho (NO 3 ) 3 samples (specific activity = 3-5 GBq/mg), dissolved in acidic media. Radiochemical purity of (166) Ho-PDTMP was checked by instant thin layer chromatography (>99%).

Production, Quality Control and Biological Evaluation of (166)Ho-PDTMP as a Possible Bone Palliation Agent.

Objective(s): In this study, (166)Ho-1,2-propylene di-amino tetra(methy1enephosphonicAcid) ((166)Ho-PDTMP) complex was prepared as a bone palliation agent.

Materials And Methods: The complex was successfully prepared using an in-house synthesized EDTMP ligand and (166)HoCl3. Ho-166 chloride was obtained by thermal neutron irradiation (1 × 1013 n.

Development of (177)Lu-phytate Complex for Radiosynovectomy.

Objective(s): In this work a new possible agent for radiosynovectomy has been targeted for articular pain palliation.

Materials And Methods: Lu-177 of 2.6-3 GBq/mg specific activity was obtained by irradiation of natural Lu2O3 sample with thermal neutron flux of 4 × 10(13) n.

Optimization of 90 Y-antiCD20 preparation for radioimmunotherapy.

Context: The advent of monoclonal antibodies such as Rituximab, in recent years, has brought about decisive progress in the treatment of aggressive and indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Aims: A further tried and tested improvement to the unmodified antibody has been its coupling to the beta-emitters Y-90. The optimization of 90 Y-antiCD20 radioimmunoconjugate production and quality control methods for future clinical studies in the country was targeted in this work.

Thermoluminescent and Monte Carlo dosimetry of a new 170Tm brachytherapy source.

In this Study characteristics of a new 170Tm brachytherapy seed using thermoluminescent dosimeter and also the Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate between calculated and measured values was determined. Titanium tube contained Tm(NO3)3 powders bombardment at the Tehran Research Reactor (TRR) for a period of 7 days at a flux of 2-3 × 10(13) neutrons/cm2 s. To obtain the radial dose function, g(r), and the anisotropy function, F(r, θ), according to the AAPM TG-43U1 recommendations, 30 cm × 30 cm × 15 cm phantoms of Perspex slabs were used.