Early-life antibiotic exposures: Paving the pathway for dysbiosis-induced disorders.

Microbiota encompasses a diverse array of microorganisms inhabiting specific ecological niches. Gut microbiota significantly influences physiological processes, including gastrointestinal motor function, neuroendocrine signalling, and immune regulation. They play a crucial role in modulating the central nervous system and bolstering body defence mechanisms by influencing the proliferation and differentiation of innate and adaptive immune cells.

In vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential against colorectal cancer cell lines using ethanolic leaf extract of Sansevieria trifasciata (Agavaceae).

Background: Sansevieria trifasciata, common name, mother-in-law's tongue, is a member of the Agavaceae family. We undertook this study to evaluate the cytotoxicity of S. trifasciata leaf extract against two cancer cell lines as well as its antibacterial activities against six bacterial strains.

Interaction between Nuclear Receptor and Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist Subtypes in Metabolism and Systemic Hemodynamics of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Partial and full PPAR- agonists have shown promising effects and antihypertensive and antidiabetic agents through increased plasma adiponectin concentration. This study is aimed at examining the role of PPAR-, alpha-adrenoceptors, and adiponectin receptors in the modulation of vasopressor responses to angiotensin II (Ang II) and adrenergic agonists, after a subset treatment of partial and full PPAR- agonists, each individually, and also when coupled with adiponectin in SHRs. The antioxidant potential and metabolic indices for these animals were also determined.

Platinum-based targeted chemotherapies and reversal of cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Lung cancer is the one of the most prevalent cancer in the world. It kills more people from cancer than any other cause and is especially common in underdeveloped nations. With 1.

Hegemony of inflammation in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.

Inflammation drives coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis implications. Lipoprotein entry, retention, and oxidative modification cause endothelial damage, triggering innate and adaptive immune responses. Recruited immune cells orchestrate the early atherosclerotic lesions by releasing proinflammatory cytokines, expediting the foam cell formation, intraplaque haemorrhage, secretion of matrix-degrading enzymes, and lesion progression, eventually promoting coronary artery syndrome via various inflammatory cascades.

From imbalance to impairment: the central role of reactive oxygen species in oxidative stress-induced disorders and therapeutic exploration.

Increased production and buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to various health issues, including metabolic problems, cancers, and neurological conditions. Our bodies counteract ROS with biological antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, and GPx, which help prevent cellular damage. However, if there is an imbalance between ROS and these antioxidants, it can result in oxidative stress.

Trinity of inflammation, innate immune cells and cross-talk of signalling pathways in tumour microenvironment.

Unresolved inflammation is a pathological consequence of persistent inflammatory stimulus and perturbation in regulatory mechanisms. It increases the risk of tumour development and orchestrates all stages of tumorigenesis in selected organs. In certain cancers, inflammatory processes create the appropriate conditions for neoplastic transformation.

Crosstalk relationship between adiponectin receptors, PPAR-γ and α-adrenoceptors in renal vasculature of diabetic WKYs.

Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with renal dysfunctions. Irbesartan and pioglitazone activate Peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPAR-γ) as partial and full agonists. We investigated a crosstalk interaction and synergistic action between adiponectin receptors, PPAR-γ agonists in attenuating renal hemodynamics to adrenergic agonists in diabetic Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY).

Antioxidant Potential of Adiponectin and Full PPAR- Agonist in Correcting Streptozotocin-Induced Vascular Abnormality in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Oxidative stress, which is associated with metabolic and anthropometric perturbations, leads to reactive oxygen species production and decrease in plasma adiponectin concentration. We investigated pharmacodynamically the pathophysiological role and potential implication of exogenously administered adiponectin with full and partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-) agonists on modulation of oxidative stress, metabolic dysregulation, and antioxidant potential in streptozotocin-induced spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Group I (WKY) serves as the normotensive control, whereas 42 male SHRs were randomized equally into 7 groups ( = 6); group II serves as the SHR control, group III serves as the SHR diabetic control, and groups IV, V, and VI are treated with irbesartan (30 mg/kg), pioglitazone (10 mg/kg), and adiponectin (2.

New Insights into Molecular Mechanism behind Anti-Cancer Activities of Lycopene.

Lycopene is a well-known compound found commonly in tomatoes which brings wide range of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases and cancers. From an anti-cancer perspective, lycopene is often associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer and people often look for it as a dietary supplement which may help to prevent cancer. Previous scientific evidence exhibited that the anti-cancer activity of lycopene relies on its ability to suppress oncogene expressions and induce proapoptotic pathways.

A new prenylated benzoquinone from Cyathocalyx pruniferus abrogates LPS-induced inflammatory responses associated with PGE, COX-2 and cytokines biosynthesis in human plasma.

In our previous laboratory findings, Cyathocalyx pruniferus extracts exhibited platelet-activating factor inhibition, suggesting their anti-inflammatory potential. Hence, this study was designed with the aim to isolate phyto-constituents from C. pruniferus with potent anti-inflammatory activities.

Luteolin and apigenin derived glycosides from Alphonsea elliptica abrogate LPS-induced inflammatory responses in human plasma.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Numerous Alphonsea species including Alphonsea elliptica (mempisang) leaves and fruits are indigenously used in inflammatory conditions such as postpartum swelling and rheumatism in southeast Asian countries. In our previous in-vitro findings, A. elliptica methanol extract exhibited platelet-activating factor inhibition, suggesting the presence of phyto-constituents with anti-inflammatory potential.

The medicinal uses, toxicities and anti-inflammatory activity of Polyalthia species (Annonaceae).

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Polyalthia is one of the largest and notable genera in Annonaceae family. Polyalthia species have been widely used in folklore medicine for the treatment of rheumatic fever, gastrointestinal ulcer and generalized body pain. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies on Polyalthia Species have also corroborated the significant anti-inflammatory potential of its extracts and secondary metabolites.

Raging the War Against Inflammation With Natural Products.

Over the last few decade Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are the drugs of choice for treating numerous inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. The NSAIDs produces anti-inflammatory activity via inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzyme, responsible for the conversation of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Likewise, cyclooxegenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2) selectively inhibit the COX-2 enzyme and produces significant anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-pyretic activity without producing COX-1 associated gastrointestinal and renal side effects.

Annonaceae: Breaking the Wall of Inflammation.

Inventories of tropical forests have listed Annonaceae as one of the most diverse plant families. For centuries, it is employed in traditional medicines to cure various pathological conditions including snakebite, analgesic, astringent, diarrhea, dysentery, arthritis pain, rheumatism, neuralgia, and weight loss etc. Phytochemical analysis of Annonaceae family have reported the occurrence of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, diterpenes and diterpene flavone glycosides, sterols, lignans, and annonaceous acetogenin characteristically affiliated with Annonaceae sp.

Enhancement of anti-proliferative activities of Metformin, when combined with Celecoxib, without increasing DNA damage.

Pathophysiological changes in diabetes like hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia predispose cells to malignant transformation and damage DNA repair mechanism. This study was designed to explore the potential synergistic toxic effects of anti-diabetic drug (Metformin), and an analgesic drug (Celecoxib) at cellular level. MTT assay run on Vero cell line revealed that the combinations of Metformin and Celecoxib augment the anti-proliferative effects, whereas Single cell gel electrophoresis spotlighted that Metformin produce non-significant DNA damage with the threshold concentration of 400μg/ml in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (lymphocytes and monocytes), while Celecoxib produced significant (P<0.