Effects of acepromazine, xylazine and propofol on spinal reflexes in healthy dogs.

Background: In the neurological examination, it is crucial to identify the possible location of the lesion in order to determine the appropriate treatment process. In aggressive animals, chemical restraint may be necessary due to their non-cooperative behaviour. However, sedatives may distort the results of examinations.

Evaluation of lidocaine for auriculopalpebral nerve block in dogs: Onset, duration, and effects on intraocular pressure and eye examination.

Objectives: Accurate intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement is essential for managing glaucoma, requiring tonometry. Local anesthesia is typically used, but nerve blocks may be needed for blepharospasm. This study investigated the efficacy of auriculopalpebral nerve block with lidocaine in achieving eyelid akinesia and its influence on IOP in dogs.

Influence of ketamine, propofol or isoflurane on intraocular pressure, heart rate and blood pressure in healthy dogs premedicated with medetomidine and midazolam.

Background: According to the findings of several studies, sedatives and anaesthetics have different effects on the functioning of the cardiovascular system and intraocular pressure (IOP). For accurate diagnosis, treatment and surgery with minimal complications, it is necessary to be aware of the effects of sedatives and anaesthetics on the cardiovascular system and IOP.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sedatives (medetomidine and midazolam) and anaesthetics (ketamine, propofol and isoflurane) on IOP, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure in dogs.

Prevalence of canine distemper in dogs referred to Veterinary Hospital of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is responsible for high morbidity and mortality in dogs worldwide. Epidemiological study of canine distemper can help to control and treat the disease in any area. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CDV in dogs referred to the Veterinary Hospital from September 23, 2018 to September 22, 2019.

Evaluation of Newcastle disease virus vaccine effectiveness in dogs with neurological signs of canine distemper.

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is the cause of a highly lethal infectious disease affecting a broad range of carnivores. Despite using various treatments, there is still no effective treatment, especially in the neurological form of distemper. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of injecting Newcastle disease vaccine into the subarachnoid space of dogs with neurological form of distemper.

Ultrasonographic measurement of the adrenal gland-to-abdominal aortic ratio as a valuable method of estimating normal adrenal size in rabbits.

A wide range has been reported for the ultrasonographic measurements of the normal adrenal gland in rabbits. Therefore, having sufficient information about the normal measurements of the adrenal gland and their relationship with indicators such as weight, sex and the diameter of the internal abdominal aorta will be of great help in diagnosing diseases of the adrenal gland. In the present study, 21 healthy adult intact rabbits were selected.

The effects of age, sex, breed, diet, reproductive status and housing condition on the amounts of 25(OH) vitamin D in the serum of healthy dogs: Reference values.

Background: Optimal amount of vitamin D for the proper functioning of the immune system is different from the required vitamin D amount for bones to prevent rickets. However, reports on vitamin D reference values in dogs are minimal, and there is still not enough information regarding the relationship between vitamin D and various variables such as disease, age, breed, diet type, and so on, as well as its relationship with haematological and serum biochemical parameters.

Obgectives: The present study aimed to determine reference values of 25(OH) Vit D in dogs and its concentration in different groups, categorized based on age, sex, breed, housing conditions, and diet, as well as 25(OH) Vit D relationship with hematology and serum biochemistry parameters.

Effect of medetomidine, midazolam, ketamine, propofol and isoflurane on spinal reflexes in healthy dogs.

Background: Sometimes it is necessary to use sedatives or even general anaesthetics to examine animals with spinal cord injuries. These drugs may affect spinal reflexes, alter the outcome of neurological examinations, and make it difficult to diagnose location of the lesion.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of five pre-anaesthetic and anaesthetic agents commonly used in clinics on spinal reflexes in dogs.

Detection of canine distemper virus in cerebrospinal fluid, whole blood and mucosal specimens of dogs with distemper using RT-PCR and immunochromatographic assays.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of canine distemper (CD), a highly contagious and acute viral disease, cannot be made solely based on clinical signs and haematological findings, but serological and molecular methods compatible with clinical signs are also required. The type of sample and method of tissue sampling are also very important. Sometimes in chronic cases, the canine distemper virus (CDV) may not be detected in blood and conjunctival specimens but can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Effect of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on intraocular pressure in dogs.

Purpose: To measure IOP in animals, it is often necessary to use topical anesthetics. The use of these drugs may cause changes in IOP and interfere with the final results. To address this issue, the effects of four local anesthetics (tetracaine, proparacaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine) on IOP were investigated in ten adult dogs.

Treatment and long-term follow-up of cats with suspected primary epilepsy.

We report an evaluation of the treatment and outcome of cats with suspected primary epilepsy. Phenobarbital therapy was used alone or in combination with other anti-epileptic drugs. Outcome after treatment was evaluated mainly on the basis of number of seizures per year and categorised into four groups: seizure-free, good control (1-5 seizures per year), moderate control (6-10 seizures per year) and poor control (more than 10 seizures per year).

Effect of tetracaine on intraocular pressure in normal and hypertensive rabbit eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of tetracaine on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal and hypertensive rabbit eyes.

Methods: The study was conducted on 12 healthy rabbits as controls and 6 healthy rabbits in which an experimental model of ocular hypertension (OHT) was induced by administration of 70 mL/kg of tap water through an orogastric tube. One drop of tetracaine was instilled in the left eye while a drop of normal saline (placebo) was applied to the right eye of the control group.

Effects of an unfixed combination of latanoprost and pilocarpine on the intraocular pressure and pupil size of normal dogs.

Objective: To assess changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil diameter (PD) induced by daily application of an unfixed combination of latanoprost and pilocarpine in normal dogs.

Animals Studied: Fifteen mixed breed clinically normal dogs of both sexes.

Procedures: Three groups of five dogs each were administered in the right eye, one drop of 0.

Effect of different treatment regimen with dexamethasone and acetylcysteine on corneal wound healing in rabbits.

Background: The effect of corticosteroid therapy on corneal wound healing is controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of combination therapy with dexamethasone and acetylcysteine at different times and durations on experimentally-induced corneal wounds and haze in rabbits.

Methods: Eighteen adult New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups of six each.

Clinical comparison of primary versus secondary epilepsy in 125 cats.

In the present study 125 cats with recurrent seizures were analysed. The main goal was to investigate the aetiology and compare primary epilepsy (PE) with secondary epilepsy (SE) regarding signalment, history, ictal pattern, clinical and neurological findings. Seizure aetiology was classified as PE in 47 (38%) and SE in 78 (62%) cats.