Effects of different lipid sources with or without a probiotic on gastrointestinal tract, immune system and blood parameters of chickens: An animal model.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different lipid sources, with or without a probiotic, on the gastrointestinal tract, immune system and blood parameters of Ross 308 male chickens. In this study, 360 one-day-old chickens were randomly allotted to six treatments with six replicates. Experimental diets were: (1) control (CTL); (2) a diet containing 30 g/kg lipid from tallow (CTL+TLW); (3) a diet containing 30 g/kg lipid from soybean oil (CTL+SO); (4) the basal diet plus a probiotic (CTL+PRO), (5) a diet containing 30 g/kg tallow plus probiotic (TLW+PRO); and (6) a diet containing 30 g/kg soybean oil plus probiotic (SO+PRO).

Effect of Organic Selenium Supplementation on the Antioxidant Status, Immune Response, and the Relative Expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ Genes in Ewes During the Hot Season.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different doses of selenium (Se) from Sel-Plex© (selenium-enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast) supplement on the antioxidant status, the antibody titers against the foot-and-mouth disease virus, and the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) genes in ewes during the hot season. Six ewes were kept at 25 °C and received basal diet (the negative control group), and 24 ewes were kept at 38 °C for 5 h per day and received no supplement (the positive control), 0.15, 0.

Hematological parameters, antioxidant status, and gene expression of γ-INF and IL-1β in vaccinated lambs fed different type of lipids.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of vegetable oils as calcium salt on immune responses and the expression of immune-related genes in vaccinated lambs. Twenty-four lambs (35 kg body weight, 6 months old) were assigned to four treatments with six replicates in a completely randomized design for 40 days. Four concentrates were formulated in which the calcium salts of palm oil, canola oil, corn oil, and flaxseed oil were used.

Dose-responses of zinc as zinc-methionine supplements on antioxidant status, hematological parameters, immune response and the expression of and genes of ewes in the hot season.

This study was implemented to evaluate the effects of different zinc doses as Zinc-Met supplement (Zinpro) on the antioxidant status, blood immune cells, antibody titers, and the expression of and genes of ewes in the hot season. In a completely randomized design, 24 ewes were assigned to treatments as follow: 0, 15, 30 and 45 mg/kg zinc as Zinc-Met supplementation for 40 days in region with 40 °C and vaccinated against food-and-mouth disease as an immune challenge at day 30, and then blood samples were collected on day 40. Ewes were fed a basal diet containing 29.

Inflammatory genes expression and calf responses to different dietary grains (steam flaked corn vs steam-rolled barley) and protein sources (pelleted soybean meal vs pelleted canola meal).

This study aimed to investigate the effects of grains, and protein sources in the starter diet on daily gain, pro- and anti-inflammatory genes expression, ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, and blood metabolites in the dairy calves. Forty Holstein calves were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the factors of grain source (steam-flaked corn, CG vs. steam-rolled barley, BG) and pelleted protein source (soybean meal, SBM vs.

The effects of thymol, oxalic acid (Api-Bioxal) and hops extract (Nose-Go) on viability, the sp. spore load and the expression of and genes in infected honey bees.

This study was done to investigate the effects of thymol, fumagillin, oxalic acid (Api-Bioxal) and hops extract (Nose-Go) on sp. spore load, the expression of vitellogenin () and superoxide-dismutase-1 () genes and mortality of bees infected with . Five healthy colonies were assigned as the negative control, and 25 sp.

Effects of enzymatically hydrolyzed yeast supplementation on blood attributes, antioxidant status and gene expression of cytokines in vaccinated dairy cows.

This study was done to assess the effects of hydrolyzed yeast on blood cells counts, antioxidant status and gene expression of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines of vaccinated dairy cows. Twenty Holstein lactating dairy cows were randomly divided into four groups received basal diet without (control) and with 10, 20 and 30 g/d/head of hydrolyzed yeast. Cows were vaccinated against foot and mouth disease virus at day 10 and blood samples were taken 10 days after.

Effects of live and autolyzed yeast supplementation during transition period on ruminal fermentation, blood attributes, and immune response in dairy cows under heat stress condition.

This study was conducted to compare nutrient digestibility, performance and immune response of dairy cows received live and autolyzed yeast during the transition period in high ambient temperature. Cows (=25) were randomly divided and received a basal diet with or without live yeast or autolyzed yeast as on top three weeks pre-parturition until three weeks post-parturition. The Control group received a basal diet without yeast products; other groups received 0.

Effect of palmitic, linoleic and α-linolenic acids on blood cells count and interleukin-4, 8 genes expression in lambs experimentally infected with foot and mouth disease virus.

The current research was conducted to study the effects of different saturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acid sources in diets on immune responses of lambs experimentally infected with foot and mouth disease virus. A total of fifteen Sangsari male lambs with an average body weight of 48 ± 2 kg and an average age of 8 ± 1 months were randomly allocated to one of three experimental treatments: (1) PalOil group received a calcium soap of palm oil fatty acids in the diet as source of palmitic acid (16:0), (2) SunOil group received a calcium soap of sunflower oil fatty acids in the diet as source of linoleic acid (n-6 18:2), and (3) LinOil group received a calcium soap of linseed oil fatty acids in the diet as source of α-linolenic acid (n-3 18:3). The greatestand the least expression of IL-4 mRNA were measured in SunOil and LinOil groups, respectively.

Effects of Supplemental Chromium Nanoparticles on IFN-γ expression of Heat Stress Broilers.

The aim of present study was to investigate the beneficial effect of chromium (III) picolinate (CrPic) and chromium (III) picolinate nanoparticles (NCrPic) addition on growth performance, stress-related hormonal changes, and serum levels of various immunity biomarkers, as well as the gene expression of IFN-γ in broilers exposed to heat stress conditions. Treatments included T1 which received the basal diet with no feed additive; T2 exposed to heat stress; T3, T4, and T5 containing 500, 1000, and 1500 ppb CrPic; as well as T6, T7, and T8 containing 500, 1000, and 1500 ppb NCrPic, respectively. After 2 weeks from CrPic and NCrPic supplementation, IFN-γ mRNA expression was assayed using the RT-PCR technique.

The Effects of Zinc Methionine on Reproductive and Thyroid Hormones in Rats with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder in fertile women, which seems to be adversely affected by associated thyroid dysfunction. Zinc methionine (ZM) has positive effects on PCOS, but its concerted effects on PCOS and thyroid function have not been investigated. We evaluated the effects of ZM on reproductive and thyroid hormones and the number of follicles in rats with PCOS.

Spermatogonial stem cell survival in ram lambs following busulfan treatment.

To clarify the effect of busulfan on the depletion of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from shal rams testis, in the first experiment, lambs were treated by intraperitoneal injection with 4 mg/kg busulfan. In the second experiment, different concentrations of busulfan (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg) were injected directly into both sides of the left testis. The testes of 8 lambs were collected by standard castration procedure for histological analysis five weeks after the treatments and the left testis of remaining lambs were collected after eight weeks and a two-time enzymatic digestion process was used to isolate SSCs.

Therapeutic effects of organic zinc on reproductive hormones, insulin resistance and expression, as a novel component, in a rat model of Polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objectives: Zinc is an effective factor in the reproductive system. Insulin resistance (IR) is known as an important disorder in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Mammalian target of rapamycin (, which controls key cell activities, in particular, is activated in disorders such as PCOS.

Effects of different fat sources (saturated and unsaturated) on reproductive performance and biological indices of ewes during flushing period.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding different sources of fat during flushing period on the reproductive performance, lambing percent, and twin numbers of Afshari ewes. A total of 84 ewes (mean weight 48 ± 3 kg; age: 3-4 years) were divided into seven groups of 12 animals and received flushing-specific rations for 5 weeks. The control group just received a basic ration (non-flushing).

Effect of cyclical cold stress during embryonic development on aspects of physiological responses and HSP70 gene expression of chicks.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cyclical lower incubation temperature at different embryonic ages on the hatchability, body and organs weights, thyroid hormones, and liver HSP70 gene expression of newly hatched chicks. In a completely randomized design, fertile eggs of a broiler breeder (34 weeks of age) were assigned to three treatment groups with six replicates and 145 eggs per each. The treatment groups were as: control group (C) that eggs were incubated at 37.

Energy sources and levels influenced on performance parameters, thyroid hormones, and HSP70 gene expression of broiler chickens under heat stress.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of energy sources and levels on body and organs weights, thyroid hormones, and heat shock protein (HSP70) gene expression in broilers under heat stress. In a completely randomized design, 600 1-day-old Cobb chickens were assigned to five dietary treatments and four replicates. The chickens were fed diet based on corn as main energy source and energy level based on Cobb standard considered as control (C), corn-based diet with 3 % lesser energy than the control (T1), corn-based diet with 6 % lesser energy than the control (T2), corn and soybean oil-based diet according to Cobb standard (T3), and corn and soybean oil-based diet with 3 % upper energy than the control (T4).

Immune Response of Salmonella Challenged Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Containing Gallipro®, a Bacillus subtilis Probiotic.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding a probiotic, Bacillus subtilis, on antibody titers against Newcastle and infectious bursal viruses in broiler chickens challenged with Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis. One hundred and sixty 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments were negative control, probiotic-treated group, challenged group, and challenged probiotic treated group.

Study of male effect on feeding and estrus behavior of Afshari ewes.

This study was conducted to evaluate the male effect on the manifestation of estrus and feeding behavior of Afshari ewes during their breeding season. The study consists of 48 Afshari ewes, 3 years old, 67 ± 2 kg live weight, body condition score 3, along with 10 Afshari rams. The study was for a period of 6 weeks in a complementary randomized design.