A Comprehensive Review of Instrumentation and Applications in Post-Column and In-Source Derivatization for LC-MS.

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has become an indispensable tool for elucidating molecular structures and quantifying diverse compounds within complex mixtures. Despite its versatility, it faces various challenges such as ion suppression, low sensitivity, analyte instability, and matrix effects, which are being overcome by different kinds of offline and online derivatization techniques to improve specificity and reduce potential interferences. In this context, considerable advancements have been made in reviewing and critically evaluating a wide range of developed methods and techniques; however, little attention has been given to post-column derivatization (PCD) in LC-MS.

A giant angiolipoma of the neck: case report.

Angiolipomas are relatively rare in the head and neck, are usually ˂4 cm in diameter, and may recur if not completely excised. We aim to describe a clinical case of a healthy 25-year-old man who presented with a large mass extending from the root of the neck to the skull base, adjacent to the major vessels, as demonstrated by a magnetic resonance imaging scan. The mass was excised under general anesthesia, with Careful avoidance of injury to the major vessels, which posed a challenge during the surgery.

Characterization and Comparative Antibacterial Activities of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Tagetes patula L. (Asteraceae) Flower Extract.

In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were successfully synthesized through a green approach using Tagetes patula L. flower extract. The phytochemical composition of the extract was analyzed by GC-MS.

Nanofluids for Advanced Applications: A Comprehensive Review on Preparation Methods, Properties, and Environmental Impact.

Nanofluids, an advanced class of heat transfer fluids, have gained significant attention due to their superior thermophysical properties, making them highly effective for various engineering applications. This review explores the impact of nanoparticle integration on the thermal conductivity, viscosity, and overall heat transfer performance of base fluids, highlighting improvements in systems, such as heat exchangers, electronics cooling, PV/T systems, CSP technologies, and geothermal heat recovery. Key mechanisms such as nanolayer formation, Brownian motion, and nanoparticle aggregation are discussed, with a focus on hybrid nanofluids that show enhanced thermal conductivity.

Genotyping-by-sequencing derived SNP markers reveal genetic diversity and population structure of germplasm.

Orchardgrass ( L.), a widely cultivated cool-season perennial, is an important forage crop due to its adaptability, high nutritional value, and substantial biomass. Understanding its genetic diversity and population structure is crucial for developing resilient cultivars that can withstand climate change, diseases, and resource limitations.

Missed nursing care and its contributing factors in different domains at tertiary care hospitals, Karachi.

Objective: To assess the frequency, types and contributing factors of missed nursing care among registered nurses in a tertiary care setting.

Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2022 at the Dow University Hospital, Karachi, and Dr Ruth Katherina Martha Pfau Civil Hospital, Karachi, and comprised nurses registered with the Pakistan Nursing and Midwifery Council. Data was collected using a validated tool.

Evaluating the potential of assembler-binner combinations in recovering low-abundance and strain-resolved genomes from human metagenomes.

Human-associated microbial communities are a complex mixture of bacterial species and diverse strains prevalent at varying abundances. Due to the inherent limitations of metagenomic assemblers and genome binning tools in recovering low-abundance species (<1 %) and strains, we lack comprehensive insight into these communities. Although many bioinformatics approaches are available for recovering metagenome-assembled genomes, their effectiveness in recovering low-abundance species and strains is often questioned.

Accessible interactive learning of mathematical expressions for school students with visual disabilities.

Globally, students with visual disabilities face significant challenges in accessing and learning mathematics, particularly when solving mathematical equations and expressions. These challenges result from the inherent complexity and abstract nature of mathematical content. Additionally, braille codes are inconsistent across regions, collaborative math platforms are unavailable, and accessible mathematics literature is scarce.

The O-glycosyltransferase C1GALT1 promotes EWSR1::FLI1 expression and is a therapeutic target for Ewing sarcoma.

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive bone cancer driven by the oncogenic fusion-protein EWSR1::FLI1, which is not present in normal cells and is therefore an attractive therapeutic target. However, as a transcription factor, EWSR1::FLI1 is considered undruggable. Factors that promote EWSR1::FLI1 expression, and thus whose inhibition would reduce EWSR1::FLI1 protein levels and function, are potential drug targets.

Synthesis of reusable cement materials through photochemical modification of marble powder for composite structures.

Sustainability and environmental protection are reshaping industries, including construction, where sustainability plays a crucial role in its influence on global resource consumption and waste management. The current study has developed a reusable cement material by photo-chemical surface modification of marble powder, achieved by reacting glycidyl methacrylate with carbonate functionality. This innovative modified marble powder boosts the reusability of construction materials, unlocking new possibilities for sustainable building practices.

Application of fertilizers improves cadmium phytoextraction efficiency of Nasturtium officinale R.Br. grown in cadmium-contaminated water.

Increasing toxic metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem since the industrial revolution produces serious environmental challenges and has raised critical questions of ecological and human health implications. As a typical aquatic plant, Nasturtium officinale (N. officinale) has drawn significant attention due to its remarkable accumulation of heavy metals and other harmful substances from polluted water.

Impact of nurse-led educational intervention on nurse's knowledge about patient safety after cardiac catheterisation.

Objective: To assess the impact of educational intervention on nurse's knowledge related to patient safety after cardiac catheterisation in tertiary care settings.

Methods: The quasi-experimental study was conducted from October 2022 to May 2023 after approval from the ethics review board of Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised staff nurses working in cardiac catheterisation laboratory, cardiac care unit and allied departments of 4 tertiary care hospitals. After baseline assessment, those with knowledge score <70% were enlisted for educational intervention which was done in small groups and lasted about 120 minutes.

Green Synthesis of Silver-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles From Adiantum venustum D. Don (Pteridaceae): Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Evaluation.

One of the main difficulties in nanotechnology is the development of an environmentally friendly, successful method of producing nanoparticles from biological sources. Silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag-ZnO NPs), with antibacterial and antioxidant properties, were produced using Adiantum venustum extract as a green technique. Fresh A.

Effects of stocking density on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, biochemical composition, and economic efficiency of a new strain of reared in cage culture system at Sindh Pakistan.

The latest strain of is an altered ecological adaptation for sustainable aquaculture and is necessary to sustain stocking density and reduce physiological stress of the new strain. The present study aimed to determine the optimum stocking density, biological performance, and economic efficiency of the Nile tilapia. The 14,000 healthy seeds and uniform weight (40 ± 2.

Botanical Pesticides: Role of in Managing (Tephritidae: Diptera).

The melon fruit fly, (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a notorious pest, posing a significant threat to a wide range of fruits and vegetables, leading to substantial agricultural losses worldwide. With growing concerns over chemical pesticide resistance and environmental safety, plant-based insecticides have emerged as eco-friendly and economically sustainable alternatives. In this context, the present study delves into the insecticidal potential of extracts against .

Comparative analysis of bulk ceramics and thick film coatings for optimized energy storage technologies.

The present investigation provides an easy and affordable strategy for fabrication of functional ceramics BiNaTiO-SrFeO (BNT-SrF5) thick films on a flexible, inexpensive and electrically integrated substrate using electrophoretic deposition process (EPD). EPD is a widely accepted, environmentally friendly method for applying coatings from a colloidal suspension to conductive substrates. Lead-free ferroelectric BNT-SrF5 powder was synthesized by solid state method to fabricate bulk samples and thick films (30-160 μm) by EPD process.

Functional investigation of CYP304F1 in Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) by RNA interference.

Tuta absoluta has developed resistance to many biological insecticides, causing substantial agricultural and economic losses annually. P450s have been the most extensively studied enzymes in the context of insecticide metabolism in insect pests, and the detoxification metabolism of P450s in T. absoluta against biological insecticides remains poorly understood.

Unraveling the Genetic Basis of Congenital Limb Anomalies in Eight Families.

Limb abnormalities are the second most frequent birth defects seen in infants, after congenital heart disease. Over the past 150 years, more than 50 classifications for limb malformations based on morphology and osseous anatomy have been presented. The goal of the current study is to investigate the genetic basis of congenital limb abnormalities in the Pakistani population.

Evaluating the Efficacy and Cost-Effectiveness of Plasmapheresis and Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Acute Guillain-Barre Syndrome Management in Emergency Departments.

Background: Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a severe autoimmune neuropathy that has to be treated quickly and efficiently in emergency situations, when both cost and effectiveness are vital.

Objective: To compare the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in managing acute GBS in emergency departments.

Methodology: A prospective observational study conducted from January to December 2023 evaluated the treatment of adults with acute GBS using IVIG or plasmapheresis.

Trends in utilization and impact of hospital procedural volume on mortality after endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.

Objectives: Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has become an established treatment for eligible acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, but data on mortality trends and the association between procedural volume and outcomes in the United States is limited.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from the Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) to investigate trends in EVT utilization, outcomes, and the relationship between hospital procedural volume and inpatient mortality for AIS admissions between 2016-2020. Patients undergoing EVT were identified using ICD-10 procedure codes.

Simultaneous underwater beam steering and PAM4 transmission enabled by the acousto-optic effect.

In this paper, an underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system that can simultaneously achieve beam steering and pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) enabled by the acousto-optic effect is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. An approach to manipulate the driving signal of an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is utilized to simultaneously achieve precise laser emission angle control and signal modulation, which enables high-speed link-switching for multi-user access. The system is tested in a 7-m water tank with a water attenuation coefficient of 0.

Efficient Microwave Irradiation-Assisted Synthesis of Benzodioxinoquinoxaline and Its Donor-Variegated Derivatives Enabling Long-Lived Emission and Efficient Bipolar Charge Carrier Transport.

To enhance the usually low-charge carrier mobilities of highly twisted donor-acceptor-type compounds that exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence, we designed a rodlike acceptor benzodioxinoquinoxaline. This acceptor and two donor-acceptor-donor derivatives were synthesized via microwave Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reactions with yields of up to 91%. The compounds exhibit three different types of photoluminescence, which is well-explained by quantum chemical calculations.