Response of Patients with Color Vision Defects to Worth 4-Dot and Duochrome Tests.

Individuals with congenital color vision defects (CVDs) are at greater risk of misidentifying colors, necessitating an investigation into their ability to distinguish colors accurately. This study aimed to assess how individuals with CVDs perceive the colors in the Worth four-dot (W4D) and duochrome tests. It also explored whether individuals with CVDs require more detailed instructions from optometrists and eye care providers during these tests.

Prevalence, Characteristics, and Management of Pediatric Ocular Trauma in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analysis.

Purpose: Ocular trauma is a major cause of visual impairment; however, little is known about its burden in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of ocular trauma in pediatric patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Patients And Methods: Medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with eye injuries between January 2016 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.

Assessment of tear film parameters post-treatment with commercial eyelid cleaning wipes: a pilot study.

Aim: To investigate the short-term effects of commercially available eyelid-cleaning wipes on film parameters.

Methods: This study enrolled 48 healthy participants aged 20-35y (both males and females). Clinical assessment included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), and lipid layer pattern (LLP).

Evaluating the level of visual acuity to minimise false-positives in different colour vision tests.

Clinical Relevance: Accurate colour vision assessment is important in clinical settings to minimise false-positive errors and enhance the reliability of diagnoses outcomes.

Background: Colour vision testing is valuable in assessing the visual system, particularly given the high proportion of individuals with poor vision. This study aimed to determine the minimum visual acuity level required to perform a colour-vision test without errors.

Age-related changes in reading performance in normally sighted Arabic-speaking adults.

Clinical Relevance: Reading performance is important for evaluating near vision and predicting and prescribing near-vision correction. There is a significant gap in the literature on Arabic reading performance and its associated effects.

Background: Normative data from control participants serve as the baseline for future studies involving groups with specific characteristics.

Can chromatic text/background improve Arabic reading performance?

Purpose: Colors have been shown to improve reading performance; however, the effect of colors on Arabic orthography has not been studied. This study aimed to design and create a chromatic acuity chart to evaluate the effect of chromatic contrast on Arabic reading performance.

Methods: Color selection for the newly developed chromatic acuity chart was based on the contrast between the L, M, and S cones.

Comparison of Two Printed Pseudoisochromatic Tests for Color Vision Assessment.

Significance: The Waggoner PIP24 is a pseudoisochromatic test with a pattern similar to the Ishihara test. This study determined that the W-PIP24 can be used clinically to yield screening results (or sensitivity and specificity) comparable with the Ishihara.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether the W-PIP24 is equivalent to the Ishihara 38 edition pseudoisochromatic test in detecting red-green color vision defects.

Visual resolution under photopic and mesopic conditions in patients with Sjögren's syndrome.

Aim: To focus on different visual resolution tasks under photopic and mesopic conditions in Sjögren's syndrome patients compared to age-matched healthy controls.

Methods: The visual resolution measurements included high and low visual acuities and contrast sensitivity functions. These tests were conducted under photopic and then mesopic conditions.

Clinical analysis of the Konan-Waggoner D15 color vision test using the Surface-Pro display.

This work expands on our previous comparison of the Konan-Waggoner D15 (KW-D15) and Farnsworth D15 (F-D15). Sixty subjects with normal color vision and 68 subjects with a red-green color vision defect participated in the study. The KW-D15 had good agreement with the F-D15 for both pass/fail and classification across all failure criteria.

Knowledge of Saudi Patients with Autoimmune Diseases about Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity: The Role of Physician-Patient Communication.

This cross-sectional internet-based questionnaire aimed to assess the knowledge and experience of autoimmune disease patients in Saudi Arabia of the ocular effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Among the 245 respondents, discontinuation of the drug was linked to its ocular toxicity in approximately 7.3%.

Self-Efficacy of Saudi Patients with Autoimmune Diseases in Managing Hydroxychloroquine-Induced Ocular Complications: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are common autoimmune diseases (AD) that affect joints and have multi-organ involvement that results in disability, morbidity, and increased mortality. Both conditions are known to cause a wide range of ocular manifestations. Antimalarial drugs, mainly hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are among the treatment options for AD that is uniquely characterized by retinopathy as a main side effect.

Evaluation of the Waggoner computerized D15 color vision test using an iPad device.

The W-D15 test, a computerized variant of the F-D15 test, is used to determine whether an individual with a color vision defect can safely perform color-related tasks. This study evaluated the performance of the W-D15 test using an iPad. Fifty-nine color normal and 61 color vision defect subjects participated.

Evaluation of the Third edition of the City University Colour Vision Test.

Introduction: The 3rd edition of the City University Colour Vision Test (CUT) was originally based on the Farnsworth-Munsell D-15 test (D15). The first part of the test is for detecting a defect, and the second part is used to diagnose the type and severity of the defect. This study evaluates the CUT 3rd edition relative to the Ishihara and the D15 colour vision tests.

The CN Lantern Test and Different Viewing Distances.

Significance: This research shows that some color-vision-defective patients could identify railway signal lights correctly if they are working in the yard where sighting distances for signal lights are shorter.

Purpose: When interpreting railway signal lights, sighting distance can vary depending on the employee's location and job requirements. Individuals with a color-vision-defect may pass railroad employment color vision testing for positions with shorter sighting distances, despite failing to qualify for positions with longer sighting distances.

Predicting the CN Lantern Test for Railways with Clinical Color-vision Tests.

Significance: This research will help clinicians in advising their color-vision-defective patients regarding their career options.

Purpose: In Canadian railways, individuals with a color-vision-defect (CVD) may qualify for positions at shorter sighting distance from signal lights. The railway companies' medical units use the CN Lantern (CNLan) test, and there is little information available as to whether clinical color-vision tests (CCVTs) can predict the CNLan results.

Predicting the Farnsworth-Munsell D15 and Holmes-Wright-A lantern outcomes with computer-based color vision tests.

This study determined the AC1 agreement values between computer-based color vision tests and the Farnworth-Munsell D-15 (F-D15) and the Holmes-Wright Type A lantern (HWA). The computer-based tests were the United States Air Force Cone Contrast Test (OCCT), Cambridge Color Test, Innova Rabin Cone Contrast, Konan-Waggoner D15 (KWC-D15), and Color Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD). Sixty-eight color-vision-defective persons participated.

Military Research ColorDx and Printed Color Vision Tests.

Purpose: To determine the equivalence of the ColorDx Military Research version (mColorDx) test and three printed pseudoisochromatic tests (HRR, Ishihara, and PIPIC) for color vision testing.

Methods: Participating in the study were 75 color-normals and 47 subjects with red-green color vision defects. Color vision was classified by an anomaloscope.