Exploring the taxonomic and functional diversity of marine micro-Eukaryotes along the Red Sea coast of Jeddah city.

Backgrounds: Diverse marine habitats along Jeddah's Red Sea coast support rich biodiversity. Few studies have been done on its diverse communities, especially its microbial counterparts. Metagenomic analysis of marine benthic micro-eukaryotic communities was performed for the first time on the Red Sea coast of Jeddah.

Nanocurcumin improved glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a comparison study with Gliclazide.

In the present study, the biochemical effect of nanocurcumin (nanoCUR) compared with Gliclazide (GLZ) on the diabetic rats was studied. Forty male albino rats (Sprague Dawley) weighted 110 ± 20 g were used. Rats were randomly separated into two groups.

Hormonal and molecular alterations induced by sub-lethal toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles on .

This study was carried out to determine the biochemical and molecular potential effects of Zn-ONPs sub-lethal toxicity on the hormonal profile of (O. niloticus). One hundred and fifty juvenile female were used in this experiment; Ninety for determination of LC50 and other 60 fish were divided into 3 groups with 20 fish each (two replicate in each group).

Panax ginseng improves glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats through 5' adenosine monophosphate kinase up-regulation.

5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), insulin receptors and transporters are distorted in diabetes mellitus. In this study, the effect of was assessed on glucose manipulating enzymes activities and gene expression of AMPK, IRA and GLUT2 in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Forty male albino rats were randomly divided to four groups 10 rats of each, group I, normal control group (received saline orally); group II, normal rats received 200 mg/kg of orally; group III, Streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats and group IV, STZ-induced diabetic rats received 200 mg/kg of orally.

Vitamins E and C ameliorate the oxidative stresses induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles on liver and gills of .

The current study evaluated the hazards of Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on liver and gill antioxidants enzymes activities and antioxidants genes expressions. The ameliorative action of vitamins E and C mixture was investigated. Two hundred males of were exposed to one and two mg L of ZnONPs either with or without vitamin C and E mixture for 7 and 15 days.

Alteration in antioxidant genes expression in some fish caught from Jeddah and Yanbu coast as a bio-indicator of oil hydrocarbons pollution.

The mRNA expression profile of some antioxidant genes in skin, gills, livers, and muscles of and was used as an indicator of petroleum hydrocarbons pollution in six areas at Jeddah and Yanbu coasts in KSA. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) were determined in both sea water and sediments collected from the studied areas. The mRNA expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were determined.

Oxidative Stress in the Muscles of the Fish Nile Tilapia Caused by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Its Modulation by Vitamins C and E.

The effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on antioxidants in Nile tilapia muscles and the protective role of vitamins C and E were examined. Two hundred males of Nile tilapia were held in aquaria (10 fishes/aquarium). Fishes were divided into 5 groups: 40 fishes in each group; the first group was the control; the 2nd and 3rd groups were exposed to 1 and 2 mg/L of ZnONPs, respectively; and the 4th and 5th group were exposed to 1 and 2 mg/L of ZnONPs and treated with a (500 mg/kg diet) mixture of vitamin C and E mixture (250 mg/kg diet of each).

Hematological and biochemical investigations on the effect of vitamin E and C on Oreochromis niloticus exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles.

This study was carried out to determine the LC50 of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on Oreochromis niloticus and to investigate the effect of vitamin E and C on hematological and biochemical alterations induced by two sublethal concentrations (1 and 2 mg/L) of ZnONPs. One hundred and eighty fish were used for studying the lethal concentrations of ZnONPs. For sublethal study two hundred and twenty-five males of O.

Scale characteristics of two fish species, Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (Forsskål, 1775) and Rhabdosargus sarba (Forsskål, 1775) from the Red Sea at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

The present work aimed to screening and documenting the diversity of scale characteristics of two species belonging to two different genera of the family Sparidae: Acanthopagrus bifasciatus and Rhabdosargus sarba from the Red Sea. The valid useful scale characters for systematic purposes were determined in the term of morphometry and Scanning Electron Microscopic techniques. A wide spectrum of size-free intraspecific variations between different body regions was recorded in each species in terms of morphometric indices.

Antidiabetic activity of zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

The use of nanoparticles in medicine is an attractive proposition. In the present study, zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity. Fifty male albino rats with weight 120 ± 20 and age 6 months were used.

Compound eye adaptations for diurnal and nocturnal lifestyle in the intertidal ant, Polyrhachis sokolova.

The Australian intertidal ant, Polyrhachis sokolova lives in mudflat habitats and nests at the base of mangroves. They are solitary foraging ants that rely on visual cues. The ants are active during low tides at both day and night and thus experience a wide range of light intensities.

Functional anatomy of the fiddler crab compound eye (Uca vomeris: Ocypodidae, Brachyura, Decapoda).

We describe the structural organization of the ommatidium in the compound eye of the fiddler crab, Uca vomeris, at both the light- and the electron-microscopy levels. We pay particular attention to the organization of the optical system, the retinular cells, the rhabdom, and of pigment cells. Although the fiddler crab compound eye is of the apposition type, typical for Brachyuran crabs, we identify a number of novel, functionally relevant aspects of ommatidial organization that have not previously been described.

Systematic variations in microvilli banding patterns along fiddler crab rhabdoms.

Polarisation sensitivity is based on the regular alignment of dichroic photopigment molecules within photoreceptor cells. In crustaceans, this is achieved by regularly stacking photopigment-rich microvilli in alternating orthogonal bands within fused rhabdoms. Despite being critical for the efficient detection of polarised light, very little research has focused on the detailed arrangement of these microvilli bands.

Homozygous deletion of the FHIT gene, p21WAF1 protein expression and apoptosis in bilharzial bladder cancer.

The FHIT gene alterations may occur as early consequences for the urinary bladder cancer. The present study aimed to identify and analyze the role of homozygous deletion (HZD) and transcriptional alterations of fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene in the development and progression of bilharzial bladder cancer in Egyptian patients. The possible associations between FHIT abnormalities and some clinical variables that have prognostic impact in bilharzial bladder cancer patients were determined.