Prevalence and risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease in Iran: A cross-sectional analysis from the PERSIAN cohort.

Background: This study assessed the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in a general adult population in Iran. The association between GERD and various factors was also evaluated.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study on 163,018 individuals aged over 35 who were enrolled in the PERSIAN cohort.

Ulcerative colitis in a transgender woman with a sigmoid neovagina: a case report.

Background: Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) is a necessary step in transitioning into the desired gender for male-to-female transgender individuals. This study focuses on a rare complication developed following SRS, aiming to highlight potential complications associated with this procedure.

Case Presentation: This report describes a 49-year-old transgender woman with a history of SRS who developed bloody diarrhea and neovaginal bleeding 10 years later.

Opium Effects on Pancreatobiliary System in Opium Abusers Evaluated by Endoscopic Ultrasonography.

Opium use is a significant social and public health issue. There are numerous effects of opium documented as affecting the pancreatobiliary system. The aim of the study was to assess the pancreatobiliary changes in patients with opium addiction by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS).

Colonoscopy Complications in an Iranian Teaching Hospital.

: Colonoscopy is generally a safe procedure with a limited number of adverse events. Few studies have addressed the rate of adverse events in teaching hospitals. This study aimed to investigate the rate of complications after colonoscopy performed by gastroenterology fellows in a teaching hospital in Tehran.

Evaluation of the effect of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial (DISCOVER).

Background: The combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir has shown preliminary efficacy for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in four open-label studies with small sample sizes. This larger trial aimed to assess if the addition of sofosbuvir/daclatasvir to standard care improved clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods: This was a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trial in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 at 19 hospitals in Iran.

SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in the general population and high-risk occupational groups across 18 cities in Iran: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Rapid increases in cases of COVID-19 were observed in multiple cities in Iran towards the start of the pandemic. However, the true infection rate remains unknown. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 18 cities of Iran as an indicator of the infection rate.

Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir regimens for the treatment of COVID-19: an individual patient data meta-analysis.

Background: The combination of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir has a well-established safety profile and improves clinical outcomes in HCV patients. In silico and in vitro studies suggest that sofosbuvir/daclatasvir may show antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: Three clinical trials comparing sofosbuvir/daclatasvir-based regimens with a comparator in hospitalized COVID-19 patients were combined in a meta-analysis.

Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir compared with standard of care in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with moderate or severe coronavirus infection (COVID-19): a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Currently no effective antiviral therapy has been found to treat COVID-19. The aim of this trial was to assess if the addition of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir improved clinical outcomes in patients with moderate or severe COVID-19.

Methods: This was an open-label, multicentre, randomized controlled clinical trial in adults with moderate or severe COVID-19 admitted to four university hospitals in Iran.

Pharmacological prophylaxis versus pancreatic duct stenting plus pharmacological prophylaxis for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis in high risk patients: a randomized trial.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a serious complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The aim of this noninferiority study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pancreatic duct (PD) stenting plus pharmacological prophylaxis vs. pharmacological prophylaxis alone in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) in high risk patients.

Esophageal Aperistalsis in a Patient with Lipoid Proteinosis.

Lipoid proteinosis is a rare disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance, characterized by progressive deposition of hyaline material in the skin, mucous membrane, and different organs of the body, resulting in a multitude of clinical manifestations. A 34-year-old woman presented with hoarseness, dysphagia, eyelid beeding, and acneiform scars on the facial skin and extremities. The patient was diagnosed clinically as having lipoid proteinosis, which was confirmed by laryngeal biopsy.

Inappropriate Packed RBC Transfusion in a Tertiary Care Center.

Introduction: Transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBC) with appropriate indications is not only important for patient safety and well-being but is also crucial for proper utilization of resources and health care-related cost reduction. We aimed to investigate the clinical appropriateness of blood transfusion in Shariati Hospital, one of the largest academic medical centers in Tehran.

Methods: In this prospective observational study, 1000 transfusions of allogenic pRBCs from April 1st to October 31st, 2015 were included.

Giant abdominal wall hernia in a patient with cryptogenic cirrhosis.

Abdominal wall hernias are common problems found in patients with cirrhosis because of persistently high intra-abdominal pressure. When abdominal hernias are neglected in such patients, they may become larger and could result in cosmetic problems and pressure effects that are also difficult to treat. We found a voluminous mass in the anterior abdominal wall of a 40-year-old patient with cirrhosis.

Fulminant Hepatic Failure due to Primary Hepatic Lymphoma: a Case Report.

Primary hepatic lymphoma is a rare malignancy usually presenting withsymptoms of fever, hepatomegaly, jaundice and weight loss. This picture mimicsinfectious and inflammatory disorders and thus delays the diagnosis. Here,we present a 47-year old man with prolonged fever who underwent several investigationsand, in the meantime, developed fulminant hepatic failure beforethe diagnosis could be reached.

A randomized trial of rectal indomethacin and sublingual nitrates to prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis.

Objectives: Acute pancreatitis is the most common adverse event of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Recent data suggest that indomethacin can reduce the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) in high-risk individuals. However, whether the combination of indomethacin and sublingual nitrates is superior to indomethacin alone is unknown.

Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography in patients with inconclusive magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of biliopancreatic abnormalities.

Aim: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in patients with inconclusive magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRI/MRCP) in pancreatobiliary abnormalities.

Methods: During 10 months, patients with pancreatobiliary diseases referred to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) because of inconclusive MRI/MRCP diagnosis were scheduled to undergo endoscopic ultrasonography. Patients were divided into four major groups: patients with (i) resectable periampullary neoplasms who were referred to a surgeon, (ii) unresectable periampullary cancer who underwent ERCP for biliary stenting, (iii) bile duct stone who were referred to ERCP for stone extraction, and (iv) normal pancreatobiliary tract.

Long-term follow-up of common bile duct diameter after endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with common bile duct stones.

Background And Aims: To determine the time to normalization of common bile duct (CBD) diameter after endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction in patients with choledocholithiasis.

Methods: Patients with CBD dilation due to choledocholithiasis were enrolled. CBD diameter was measured by transabdominal ultrasonography before, and repeated after one, three, six and twelve months after endoscopic sphincterotomy and stone extraction, until normalization of CBD diameter.

Colonoscopic evaluation of minimal rectal bleeding in average-risk patients for colorectal cancer.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of clinically significant lesions in patients with minimal bright red bleeding per rectum (BRBPR).

Methods: Consecutive outpatients prospectively underwent colonoscopy at Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran. Minimal BRBPR was defined as small amounts of red blood after wiping or in the toilet bowl.

Management of cystic craniopharyngiomas with intracavitary irradiation with 32P.

Background: Cystic craniopharyngiomas are the most frequent intracranial neoplasm of nonglial origin in children. Follow-up data were analyzed to assess the value of intracavitary irradiation with stereotactically applied 32P radioisotopes for the treatment of patients with craniopharyngioma cysts admitted to Shohada Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between 1998 and 2005.

Methods: Patients with predominantly cystic craniopharyngiomas, who underwent stereotactic intracavitary irradiation, were followed for tumor response and complications.

Needle-knife fistulotomy versus standard method for cannulation of common bile duct: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with endoscopic sphincterotomy has become widely available for the treatment of pancreatobiliary diseases; however, it has mortality and complications. The aim of this study was to compare the success rates and complications of two different methods of common bile duct cannulation.

Methods: From June 2003 though February 2004, patients who were candidates for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and/or endoscopic sphincterotomy were randomly divided into two groups: standard cannulation (group A) and suprapapillary needle-knife fistulotomy (group B).

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus.

Background: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy has become the preferred treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus. The purpose of this paper is to present our experience with ventriculostomy at our center.

Methods: Twenty-four patients underwent ventriculostomy for the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus between May 2000 and May 2006.