Role of six cytokines and bone metabolism biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic appliance treatment in comparison with aligners: a clinical study.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess bone biomarkers and cytokines in patients with conventional labial appliances (CLAs) and aligners.

Materials And Methods: Participants were recruited to undergo orthodontic treatment with CLAs and aligners according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Periodontal examination was accomplished at baseline and 4 weeks using the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and bleeding on probing (BoP).

Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Purpose: The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on halitosis in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five adolescents with halitosis undergoing orthodontic treatment were equally randomized into three groups: Group - I: provision of treatment through PDT on dorsum of tongue; Group - II: provision of treatment with the help of tongue scrappers (TS); Group - III: provision of treatment with the help of TS and adjunctive PDT. Presence of halitosis confirmed on the basis of gas chromatography and estimation of oral malodour with a cysteine challenge and HS values recorded ≥112 parts per billion (ppb).

Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in restoring clinical, microbial, proinflammatory cytokines and pain scores in adolescent patients having generalized gingivitis and undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on clinical gingival inflammatory parameters, bacterial load, proinflammatory cytokine status, and pain scores in adolescent patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with gingivitis.

Methods: Thirty adolescent undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with gingivitis were randomly divided into two groups: Group A - patients undergoing dental scaling (DS) with adjunctive photodynamic therapy (PDT) and Group BDS alone. Clinical gingival parameters including plaque scores, (PS), bleeding on probing (BOP) and probing depth (PD) were assessed.

Evaluation of cephalometric lip morphology in a Saudi sub population: A cross sectional study.

This cross-sectional study was done to evaluate linear and angular measurement of lip morphology in Saudi adults and their comparison with the norms. After taking their history and physical examination, the patients were referred for a lateral Cephalograph using Dolphin Imaging Software. Linear and angular measurements related to lip morphology were recorded.

Photobiomodulation in acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review and meta analysis.

Background: Photobiomodulation therapy, a non invasive method with no adverse effects, has been used to accelerate tooth movement in orthodontia. However, the specific characteristics of laser settings used in studies documented have reported varied inconsistent conflicting results.

Objectives: We decided to undertake a systematic review to eliminate this inconsistency by quantifying the literature studies that indicated the link between photobiomodulation and acceleration of tooth movement and to assess if there is any association of photobiomodulation therapy in accelerating tooth movement.

Photosensitization of lithium di-silicate ceramic by Er, Cr: YSGG and fractional carbon dioxide laser bonded to orthodontic bracket.

Aim: To evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and modes of lithium disilicate ceramics (LDC) photosensitized by Er,Cr:YSGG (ECL) and fractional carbon dioxide (CO) laser bonded to metallic bracket compared to traditional conditioning methods.

Material And Method: Fifty LDC discs were polished and randomly allocated into 5 groups (n = 10) each. Group 1 were photosensitized with ECL + Silane (S).

Evaluation of skeletal variations and establishment of Cephalometric Norms in Saudi Sub Population using Bjork Jarabak's analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the skeletal variations amongst individuals and to compare the measurements with the standardized linear and angular values of Bjork Jarabak's analysis.

Methods: This study was conducted at POS Department, King Khalid University on 100 adult Saudi patients recruited through convenience sampling. It was conducted between April to September 2017, had inclusion criteria of patients between the age group 17 to 22 years showing normal occlusion.