Effect of mini-implant facilitated micro-osteoperforations on the alignment of mandibular anterior crowding: A randomised controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To assess the effects of mini-implant assisted micro-osteoperforations (MI-MOPs) in the alignment of mandibular anterior teeth, and to explore the intervention's associated pain perception (PP) and root resorption (RR) in adults treated by fixed appliance.

Design: Multicentre, two-arm and single-blinded randomised clinical trial.

Setting: College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad.

The Effect of Vitamin D on the Alignment of Mandibular Anterior Teeth: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of vitamin D level on the alignment of mandibular anterior teeth in adults and explore the associated root resorption and pain perception. . Multicentre, double blinded randomized clinical trial.

Do orthodontists aim to decrease the duration of fixed appliance treatment?

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the trends in the use of fixed appliance and accelerated orthodontics to decrease the treatment duration. Further, this study aimed to assess the effect of demographic factors on the participant's choice of treatment modality.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in the form of questionnaire-based online survey especially designed and distributed to 265 orthodontists via email.

Perception of Iraqi Orthodontists and Patients toward Accelerated Orthodontics.

/. In the literature, no consensus about the duration of orthodontic treatment has been reached out. This study aimed to identify orthodontist's and patient's perception about the time of orthodontic treatment and their willingness to undergo and pay for various acceleration techniques and procedures.

Retention Protocols and Factors Affecting Retainer Choice among Iraqi Orthodontists.

Background: To identify the most common retention protocols practiced by Iraqi orthodontists using a specially designed e-survey. Furthermore, this study aimed to assess the effect of sociodemographic factors on the participant's choice.

Methods: Two hundred and twenty-five questionnaires with 23 multiple choice questions were sent to members of the Iraqi Orthodontic Society.

Expression of a Secreted Fibroblast Growth Factor Binding Protein-1 (FGFBP1) in Angioproliferative Kaposi Sarcoma.

Objective: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative disease frequently seen in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Previous studies suggest that the HIV-1 protein Tat and Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF-2) have synergistic angiogenic effects in AIDS-KS tumors. However, the mechanisms by which FGF-2 is released and activated in KS tumors are not clearly defined.

Applications of acellular dermal matrix in revision breast reconstruction surgery.

Background: Acellular dermal matrix has been used for over a decade in primary breast reconstruction. Few articles have specifically examined its use in revision breast reconstruction for fold malposition, capsular contracture, rippling, and symmastia.

Methods: One hundred thirty-five revision breast reconstructive procedures using acellular dermal matrix (AlloDerm) in 118 patients (154 breasts) over a 5-year period were reviewed.

Porcine acellular dermal matrix (strattice) in primary and revision cosmetic breast surgery.

Background: Although acellular dermal matrix materials have been in use for over a decade in primary and secondary breast reconstruction and in some cosmetic breast surgery, little has been published on the outcomes of these materials for cosmetic applications.

Methods: A retrospective institutional review board-approved review was conducted of all patients who had a specific acellular dermal matrix, Strattice, used for cosmetic breast surgery performed by the senior author (S.L.

Repairing the high-riding nipple with reciprocal transposition flaps.

The high-riding nipple-areola complex is a clinical problem that can be encountered following cosmetic and reconstructive breast surgery. Because of the desire to avoid scars on the superior aspect of the breast and the limited availability of superior breast skin, it can be technically challenging to place the nipple-areola complex in a lower position. Multiple surgical strategies have attempted to lower it, and each has its advantages and disadvantages.

Classification and management of the postoperative, high-riding nipple.

Background: Postoperative nipple malposition can be an aesthetically devastating problem for patients and a formidable challenge for surgeons. The authors' aim was to identify the common antecedent events leading to high-riding nipples, provide a classification system for these problems, and discuss management.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted for patients who presented to the senior surgeon (S.

Focus on technique: supporting the soft-tissue envelope in breast reconstruction.

Prosthetic-based breast reconstruction commonly involves device placement in either a total submuscular pocket or a partial subpectoral position for just superior pole coverage, with various possible strategies for inferior pole coverage. Historically, the pectoralis major muscle is managed either by suturing the muscle to the inferior flap or with marionette sutures; alternatively, the device is placed under total muscle/fascia coverage (under the pectoralis major, plus the serratus anterior and rectus abdominis muscles or fascia). For many plastic surgeons, acellular dermal matrix is now used instead to function as a sling or "hammock" supporting the periprosthetic pocket and thus covering the inferior pole of the device, attached to the pectoralis major muscle above and to the inframammary fold below.

Late seromas after breast implants: theory and practice.

Background: Late seromas surrounding breast implants are becoming an increasingly important issue in breast surgery. The authors report their experience with late seromas and describe their previous management options.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective review of patients who developed late seromas (clinically presenting seromas without evidence of overt or documented infection more than 1 year after implant operation) was performed.

Nipple-sparing mastectomy for prophylactic and therapeutic indications.

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy remains controversial and its adoption has been slow because of oncologic and surgical concerns.

Methods: A retrospective study evaluated all nipple-sparing mastectomies performed at a single institution for therapeutic or prophylactic indications for which records were available.

Results: Between 1989 and 2010, 162 nipple-sparing mastectomies were performed in 101 women.

The importance of limb preservation in the diabetic population.

Objective: Limb salvage in the diabetic population is complex, controversial, costly and variable throughout the world. Within the diabetic population, the indications and morbidity surrounding major leg amputation have not been well defined.

Research Design And Methods: A retrospective study of the Georgetown Limb Salvage Registry was conducted to determine outcomes in diabetic patients undergoing proximal forefoot/midfoot (PF/M) amputations and to help define the indications for major leg amputation in ambulatory diabetic patients.

Perioperative complications in patients undergoing peripheral nerve surgery.

Introduction: With increasing indications for and volume of patients undergoing peripheral nerve surgery, it becomes imperative that complication rates are monitored. This study looks at complication rates in all types of peripheral nerve surgery, develops a complication classification system, and defines the most common variables associated with failures and complications.

Methods: All peripheral nerve procedures performed by the senior author during a consecutive 6-year period were retrospectively reviewed.

Minimally invasive peripheral nerve surgery: a short scar technique.

Introduction: As peripheral nerve specialists can have a wide variety of training backgrounds, few standards of care exist with respect to necessary incision length, amount of dissection, and operative technique for common nerve decompressions.

Methods: Approaches for the following 12 common peripheral nerve surgeries were minimized using shorter incisions and a simple lighted retractor: zygomatico-temporal and auriculotemporal, greater occipital, brachial plexus, ulnar, radial, median, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, peroneal at the groin, fibular neck and lateral calf, and tibial and inner ankle. The new "minimal" incision length was recorded as was that of the "classical" approach as taught to the senior author and frequently represented in atlases.

Chronic headaches/migraines: extending indications for breast reduction.

Background: In patients with macromastia, the currently accepted indications for reduction mammaplasty are back pain, neck pain, shoulder grooving, and intertrigo in the inframammary fold. Occipital neuralgia and chronic headaches/migraines are not indications, but the authors noted anecdotally that numerous patients with macromastia complained of chronic headaches/migraines, and many of them reported headache improvement following surgery. Therefore, the authors conducted a retrospective review of their cases to evaluate this association.

Management of chronic leg and knee pain following surgery or trauma related to saphenous nerve and knee neuromata.

Patients who present with lower extremity pain following surgery or trauma can occasionally have the saphenous nerve as the offending anatomic cause of their pain. Consistent with its anatomic course, the saphenous nerve can be the source of pain that manifests anywhere along its sensory distribution.Patients who presented to the Georgetown Peripheral Nerve Institute with lower extremity pain were evaluated, and those patients whose pain was suspected to be of saphenous nerve origin were offered surgical treatment.

Microvascular free flap failure caused by unrecognized hypercoagulability.

Background: Microvascular free flap techniques have improved over the past two decades such that flap failure rates have dropped to under 3 percent in most large series of high-volume centers. However, despite technical and patient-selection advances, some components of free flap failure might be attributable to undiagnosed patient factors.

Methods: In this clinicopathologic conference article, the authors present four patients with major free flap microvascular complications who were later diagnosed with multiple risk factors for hypercoagulability and biochemical abnormalities, and present the characteristic associated findings.

Benign peripheral nerve tumors: treatment algorithm and reconstructive options.

Peripheral nerve tumors are mostly benign; however, their excision can result in profound deficits. Nerve reconstruction strategies offer techniques to minimize morbidity. In this prospective study, 20 consecutive patients with benign peripheral nerve tumors were treated using a single-stage surgical paradigm between 2003 and 2007.

Anatomical variations of the occipital nerves: implications for the treatment of chronic headaches.

Background: The anatomy of the greater and lesser occipital nerves has come under increased scrutiny with the increased appreciation of their role in the causation of chronic occipital headaches. Classic anatomical descriptions of their paths have differed from some recent published reports.

Methods: Measurements of the courses of the greater and lesser occipital nerves were conducted bilaterally in 125 individuals, consisting of 112 live intraoperative measurements and 13 cadaver specimens.

The role of the neuropeptide Y2 receptor in liporemodeling: neuropeptide Y-mediated adipogenesis and adipose graft maintenance.

Background: Neuropeptide Y is a signaling molecule that was recently found to stimulate adipose tissue growth in vitro by means of a peripherally acting mechanism involving the neuropeptide Y2 receptor found on adipocytes and endothelial cells. This study aims to evaluate the translational applications of a neuropeptide Y2 receptor agonist for autologous fat grafting in plastic surgery.

Methods: Murine and primate animal models were used to investigate the proliferative effects of neuropeptide Y on adipose tissue.

The role of peripheral nerve surgery in the management of painful chronic wounds: indications and outcomes.

Background: Patients with chronic wounds caused by healing problems often present with chronic pain at the site. Proper wound care with or without appropriate reconstruction usually addresses both the wound and its associated pain. However, wounds occasionally remain painful despite successful reconstruction, particularly when they are complicated by an underlying condition.

Prophylactic mastectomy and reconstruction: clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate both clinical outcomes and satisfaction in patients who have undergone prophylactic mastectomy and breast reconstruction.

Methods: A 5-year retrospective analysis of the senior author's (S.L.