Migraine and Epilepsy in Children: A Narrative Review of Comorbidity and Similar Treatment Option.

Migraine and epilepsy belong to the category of chronic paroxysmal neurological disorders and share numerous clinical features, as well as potential treatment options. This narrative review emphasizes the similarities between pediatric migraine and epilepsy, exploring epidemiology, pathophysiology, genetics, clinical presentation, and pharmacology. Although various syndromes exhibit symptoms common to both conditions, further research is needed to clarify the underlying pathophysiological and genetic connections contributing to their coexistence.

A novel homozygous variant in an Iranian pedigree with cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and dysequilibrium syndrome type 4.

Background: Cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and dysequilibrium (CAMRQ) syndrome is a rare and early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder. Four subtypes of this syndrome have been identified, which are clinically and genetically different. To date, altogether 32 patients have been described with ATP8A2 mutations and phenotypic features assigned to CAMRQ type 4.

The first report of two homozygous sequence variants in FKRP and SELENON genes associated with syndromic congenital muscular dystrophy in Iran: Further expansion of the clinical phenotypes.

Background: Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) refers to hypotonia and delayed motor development that is manifested at or near the birth. Additional presentations have been observed in CMD syndromes.

Methods: Thorough clinical examinations were performed on two unrelated Iranian families with typical symptoms of CMD and uncommon features such as intellectual disability and nephrolithiasis.

Eleven-year surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis in southwestern Iran.

Momen AA, Shakurnia A, Momen M. Eleven-year surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis in southwestern Iran. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 544-551.

The Epidemiology of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Children under 15 Years Old in Southwest Iran.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy, which has become the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. An accurate estimation of GBS occurrence would be useful for investigating the potential causal relationships between risk factors and GBS. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence, annual time trend, and some epidemiological aspects of GBS in children in the Southwest of Iran.

Evaluation of Hospitalized Intractable Epileptic Children with SPECT Scan in Ahvaz, South West of Iran.

Introduction: Seizures are the most frequent neurologic disorder seen in childhood. Epilepsy is a group of disorders that includes an abnormally increased susceptibility to seizures.

Aim: To examine the effectiveness of SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography) in detecting seizure foci in 21 Iranian children who had medically refractory epilepsy.

An epidemiological analysis of acute flaccid paralysis in Khuzestan Province, southwest Iran, from 2006 to 2010.

Objectives: Investigations into the epidemiology of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) are an essential strategic component of the Global Poliomyelitis Eradication Initiative of the World Health Organization (WHO), and are part of the certification process for polio eradication worldwide. This is an epidemiological report of AFP incidence in children less than 15 years old in southwest Iran.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, carried out based on WHO guidelines, in which we reviewed non-polio AFP cases recorded from January 2006 to December 2010 in different regions of Khuzestan Province, southwest Iran.

Double Cortex Syndrome (Subcortical Band Heterotopia): A Case Report.

Objective Approximately 5-10% of preschool age children are considered developmentally disabled. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a key role in the diagnostic evaluation in these children. Many congenital or acquired brain anomalies are revealed with MRIs.

Usability of the head upright tilt test for differentiating between syncopal and seizure-like events in children.

The common diagnosis of loss of consciousness and clonic movements in children is seizure or epilepsy, but in a number of patients these symptoms could also be due to syncope. Over interpreted electroencephalography is misleading in a number of patients; therefore, in addition to a detailed and thorough history, a reliable test is needed to differentiate between these conditions. The aim of the study was to evaluate the utility of the head upright tilt test to differentiate between seizure-like events and syncope in children.

Efficacy and safety of intramuscular midazolam versus rectal diazepam in controlling status epilepticus in children.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intramuscular midazolam in controlling convulsive status epilepticus in children, by comparing it with rectal diazepam.

Methods: In this randomized trial, 100 children (50 in each group) with convulsive status epilepticus aged 1 month to 16 years were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups to receive either 0.3 mg/kg intramuscular midazolam or 0.

Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in developmentally delayed children.

Background. Developmental disorders are failure or inability to acquire various age-specific skills at expected maturational age, which affects about 5-10% of preschool children. One of the most important methods for evaluation of developmentally delayed children is neuroimaging, especially, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that provides useful information regarding brain tissue structures and anomalies.