Rates of resistance and heteroresistance to newer β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales.

Background: Heteroresistance (HR), the presence of antibiotic-resistant subpopulations within a primary isogenic population, may be a potentially overlooked contributor to newer β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) treatment failure in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections.

Objectives: To determine rates of susceptibility and HR to BL/BLIs ceftazidime/avibactam, imipenem/relebactam and meropenem/vaborbactam in clinical CRE isolates.

Methods: The first CRE isolate per patient per year from two >500 bed academic hospitals from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2021, were included.

Rapid Design of an ICU Ventilator: An Approach Based on Smart Switching of Compressed Air-Oxygen.

Breathing support is provided by regulating volume or pressure of lungs using ventilators. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, there was a sudden shortage of resuscitating devices such as ventilators. Additionally, ventilators being one of the primary critical care devices are also very costly.