Orbital Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Systematic Review of 228 Cases.

Orbital Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an extremely rare disorder, and widely different manifestations often make it diagnostically challenging. The variability of symptoms - from common presentations, such as eyelid swelling and exophthalmos, to very atypical symptoms, like headaches and diplopia - frequently results in delayed diagnosis and mismanagement. This systematic review aims to describe in detail the clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, treatment modalities, and outcomes of orbital LCH.

Comprehensive Analysis of Garcin Syndrome: A Systematic Review of the Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Garcin syndrome is a rare neurological condition characterized by progressive unilateral involvement of multiple cranial nerves, without typical intracranial hypertension. It is often linked with aggressive malignancies and invasive infections; hence, it presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Despite the advances in medical technology, the prognosis still remains poor, and there is limited literature on comprehensive reviews regarding its etiology, diagnosis, and management.

Challenges and Insights in the Diagnosis and Management of Orbital Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review of 113 Cases.

Orbital tuberculosis (O-TB) is an extremely rare manifestation of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), which affects orbital structures and causes very complex clinical scenarios that may simulate other pathologies affecting the orbit. Its diagnostic and therapeutic challenges are due to its rarity and lack of specificity on symptoms. This systematic review aims to give an in-depth analysis regarding the presentation of clinical features, diagnosis methods, treatment outcomes, and complications, enhancing the current understanding and management of O-TB.

Neuro-Ophthalmic Manifestations of Carotid Cavernous Fistulas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are pathologic, arteriovenous communications between the carotid artery and cavernous sinus. They cause various complex neuro-ophthalmic symptoms by shunting the flow of arterial blood into the venous system. In this study, a systematic review is conducted on the neuro-ophthalmic presentations associated with CCFs.