Androgen deficiency in males.

The terms androgen deficiency, testosterone-deficiency syndrome and male hypogonadism have been used interchangeably. It is a clinical condition affecting a significant number of men in the US and worldwide, and is under-recognized and under-treated. The prevalence of low testosterone levels is higher in certain disease states, as specified by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), the Endocrine Society, International Society of Andrology (ISA), International Society for the Study of the Aging Male (ISSAM), European Association of Urology (EAU), European Academy of Andrology (EAA) and American Society of Andrology (ASA).

Low testosterone and the association with type 2 diabetes.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to describe androgen deficiency in men, the consequences of this clinically underdiagnosed endocrine disorder, and its relationship to the metabolic syndrome and the association with type 2 diabetes. An overview of prevalence, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of male hypogonadism is presented. Method Established guidelines were used to provide definition, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring information for male hypogonadism.