TC-325 Superiority in Malignant Gastrointestinal Bleeding: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.

Introduction: The efficacy of topical hemostatic agents, recommended for peptic ulcer bleeding, remains poorly characterized in malignant gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).

Methods: We performed an individual patient data meta-analysis assessing the efficacy of topical hemostatic agents in malignant GIB. The literature was searched using OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science databases (database inception to November 2023).

The use of cap-mounted clips as a primary hemostatic modality in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Background: Cap-mounted-clips, especially Over-The-Scope-Clip (OTSC™), are recommended for recurrent nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB). There has been recent interest in their use as an initial hemostatic modality. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing cap-mounted clips' efficacy as a primary hemostatic modality in NVUGIB.

Peptic ulcer disease.

Annual prevalence estimates of peptic ulcer disease range between 0·12% and 1·5%. Peptic ulcer disease is usually attributable to Helicobacter pylori infection, intake of some medications (such as aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications), or being critically ill (stress-related), or it can be idiopathic. The clinical presentation is usually uncomplicated, with peptic ulcer disease management based on eradicating H pylori if present, the use of acid-suppressing medications-most often proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)-or addressing complications, such as with early endoscopy and high-dose PPIs for peptic ulcer bleeding.

Endoscopic management of intraprocedural bleeding during endoscopic interventions.

Endoscopic resection techniques have evolved over time, allowing effective and safe resection of the majority of pre-malignant and early cancerous lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Bleeding is one of the most commonly encountered complications during endoscopic resection, which can interfere with the procedure and result in serious adverse events. Intraprocedural bleeding is relatively common during endoscopic resection and, in most cases, is a mild and self-limiting event.

Assessment, Resuscitation and Medical Management of Variceal and Nonvariceal Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) continues to be an important cause for emergency room visits and carries significant morbidity and mortality. Early resuscitative measures form the basis of the management of patients presenting with UGIB and can improve the outcomes of such patients including lowering mortality. In this review, using an evidence-based approach, we discuss the initial assessment and resuscitation of patients presenting with UGIB including identifying clues from history and physical examination to confirm UGIB, preendoscopic risk assessment tools, the role of early fluid resuscitation, utilization of blood products, use of pharmacologic interventions, and the optimal timing of endoscopy.

Review article: Advances in the management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a common emergency with substantial associated morbidity and mortality. Elective colonoscopy plays an essential role in management, with an even more important role for radiology in the acute setting. Recent advances in the management of patients with LGIB warrant review as the management has recently evolved.

Oral microbiota analyses of paediatric Saudi population reveals signatures of dental caries.

Background: Oral microbiome sequencing has revealed key links between microbiome dysfunction and dental caries. However, these efforts have largely focused on Western populations, with few studies on the Middle Eastern communities. The current study aimed to identify the composition and abundance of the oral microbiota in saliva samples of children with different caries levels using machine learning approaches.

Strengths and limitations of risk stratification tools for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a narrative review.

Introduction: Despite advances in the management of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), associated morbidity and mortality remain significant. Most patients, however, will experience favorable outcomes without a need for hospital-based interventions. Risk assessment scores may assist in such early risk-stratification.

Topical hemostatic agents in the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis.

Novel topical hemostatic agents have shown promising results in treating patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB). However, data are limited even in published meta-analyses as to their role, especially compared to conventional endoscopic approaches. The aim of this study was to perform a highly comprehensive systematic review assessing the effectiveness of topical hemostatic agents in UGIB in different clinical settings.

An update on the management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) continues to be a common gastrointestinal emergency that carries significant morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of UGIB has been changing over the last few decades with an overall decrease in peptic ulcer disease and increase in the prevalence of other etiologies including vascular lesions and malignancy. Appropriate risk assessment and patient stratification are crucial to ensuring that optimal care is delivered to patients and some risk assessment tools have shown excellent ability to define a low-risk group who can be managed as outpatients safely.

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus infection in the Gulf Cooperation Council: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public-health problem. Since the introduction of an effective vaccine, the epidemiology of HBV infection is changing. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of HBV infection in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region and delineate any variation in member-countries, special sub-groups, and over time.

Oral microbiota analyses of Saudi sickle cell anemics with dental caries.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify the composition of oral microbiota in a cohort of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and a high mean number of decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) and compare it to a cohort of patients with SCA and a low number of DMFT and elucidate the effect of fetal haemoglobin levels on the oral microbiota composition.

Methods: Patients who had been diagnosed with SCA, who were homozygous for sickling β-globin mutation (β/β), who had Arab-Indian haplotype, and who ranged in age from 5 to 12 years were included in this study. Oral saliva from each participant (n = 100) was collected in GeneFiX™ Saliva DNA Microbiome Collection tube and DNA was extracted using GeneFiX™ DNA Isolation Kits.

Cholangiocarcinoma: A diagnostic dilemma on cytology.

Background: Cholangiocarcinoma is a relatively rare form of adenocarcinoma which may resemble adenocarcinoma of pancreatobiliary origin or adenocarcinomas from many other sites in the body. As a result, its diagnosis relies mainly on clinical history and morphology.

Case: A 64-year-old male with cirrhosis and worsening liver failure underwent fine needle aspiration of a radiologically detected liver mass.

Solid pseudo-papillary tumor of the pancreas: Diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemistry.

Pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is a rare primary pancreatic neoplasm of uncertain origin and low malignant potential that typically affects young females, mostly in their third decade of life. There are only a few reports on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology diagnosis of this neoplasm. We report one such case which was diagnosed based on cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical features on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided FNA smears.

Primary care physicians' knowledge, attitudes and practices related to metabolic syndrome screening and management in Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.

Background: The metabolic syndrome (Metabolic syndrome) is a cluster of the most dangerous risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), two of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, which include hyperglycemia, abdominal obesity, lipid abnormalities and high blood pressure.

Study Design: a cross-sectional descriptive study.

Results: A predominant number (94.

Association of MBL2 Gene Polymorphism with Dental Caries in Saudi Children.

The high prevalence of dental caries in children worldwide is a major oral health problem which requires early intervention. Dental caries is mainly caused by the action of acids produced by bacteria in addition to many other factors. Recent genetic studies have reported that a number of genes are associated with the susceptibility to dental caries.