Mucosal advancement flap versus ligation of the inter-sphincteric fistula tract for management of trans-sphincteric perianal fistulas in the elderly: a retrospective study.

Purpose: There is no consensus on the standard approach for trans-sphincteric perianal fistulas (TPAF) in the elderly population. The most commonly used sphincter-saving procedures are ligation of the inter-sphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) and mucosal advancement flap (MAF). We aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for recurrence and incontinence in elderly patients with TPAF using both approaches.

Benign mid-gap halide vacancy states in 2D-bismuth-based halide perovskite microcrystals for enhanced broadband photodetectors.

Lead halide perovskites are widely recognized for their exceptional defect tolerance, setting the benchmark for high-performance optoelectronic applications. Conversely, low-toxicity perovskite-inspired materials (PIMs) typically exhibit suboptimal optoelectronic performance, primarily due to their intrinsic susceptibility to defects. In this study, we address this limitation by exploring the effects of halide vacancies in PIMs through the synthesis of non-stoichiometric CsBiBrI microcrystals (MCs) with a trigonal crystal structure, incorporating iodine vacancies.

Evaluation of phytochemicals and essential oils of Cupressus semprevirens in controlling cattle tick Rhipicephalus annulatus (Acari: Ixodidae).

Background: Cupressus sempervirens is one of the conifer plants, that is used as an antimicrobial, antioxidant, anthelminthic, and many other health purposes. Rhipicephalus annulatus is one of the hard tick genera affecting the production and health of domestic animals in Egypt. Extensive use of chemical acaricides in the management of ticks caused acaricide resistance, environmental contamination, residues in meat and milk, and harmful effects on non-target species.

Combination treatment with anti-RANKL and antibiotics for preventing joint destruction in septic arthritis.

Septic arthritis, the most severe joint disease, is frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A substantial proportion of patients with septic arthritis experience poor joint outcomes, often necessitating joint replacement surgery.

Experiences of transwomen individuals in accessing oral health care in a low and middle-income country: a qualitative study from Pakistan.

Objective: Transwomen are one of the most marginalised groups globally, with their experiences of prejudice significantly impacting their access to dental care and leading to social isolation. This study aimed to explore the experiences of transwomen in accessing oral health care services in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study design was utilised to gain in-depth insights.

Using gut microbiota and non-targeted metabolomics techniques to study the effect of xylitol on alleviating DSS-induced inflammatory bowel disease in mice.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global healthcare issue, with its incidence continuing to rise, but currently there is no complete cure. Xylitol is a widely used sweetener in various foods and beverages, but there is limited research on the effects of xylitol on IBD symptoms.

Aim: Study on the effect of oral xylitol in improving intestinal inflammation and damage in IBD mice, further explore the mechanism of xylitol in alleviating IBD symptoms using intestinal microbiota and non-targeted metabolomics techniques.

Resveratrol: a potential alternative therapeutic agent for patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

This review explores the therapeutic potential of resveratrol, focusing on its molecular and cellular effects on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), bioavailability enhancement strategies, and development challenges for applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and postharvest sectors. Resveratrol protects lungs by activating SIRT1, reducing oxidative stress via ROS regulation through Nrf2-mediated antioxidant enzymes. It shows promise as an alternative to corticosteroids in COPD and cancer treatment.

Micropore confinement for a highly rechargeable aqueous Zn-hydroquinone battery with exceptional capacity.

A highly rechargeable battery utilizing a zinc anode, aqueous ZnSO electrolyte, and hydroquinone (QH2) cathode is reported. QH2 immobilized within the pores of microporous carbon delivered a high specific capacity (482 mA h g at 0.5C), approaching the theoretical specific capacity of QH2 (486.

Elucidation of -derived natural compounds in STAT 3 pathway against human cancer cells: and studies.

Introduction: Many human tumours have hyperactive signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3, positioning it as a prime target for natural compounds with anticancer properties. This study investigated three small-molecule STAT3 inhibitors derived from : cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, kaempferol-3-o-β-d-galactopyranoside, and quercetin-3-o-(2″-o-galloyl)-β-d-galactopyranoside.

Material And Methods: The compounds were explored through virtual screening and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to understand the intracellular processing of activated STAT3.

Kinetics of vibriocidal antibody responses among cholera patients in Goma, the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Cholera is a diarrheal disease that continues to burden vulnerable populations globally, primarily due to lack of clean water, optimal sanitation and adequate health infrastructure. Understanding the kinetics of antibody responses elicited by toxigenic infection can inform the Sero-epidemiological estimation of disease burden and impact of vaccination efforts. While antibody kinetics have been well-described in South Asia, such studies based in Africa are lacking, despite the ongoing prevalence of cholera in that region.

Highly Stable, Flexible, Anticorrosive Coating of Metalized Nonwoven Textiles for Durable EMI Shielding and Thermal Properties.

In the present research, an advanced silane-bonded polydopamine (PDA) coating through a simple, low-cost, and highly effective technique was employed to enhance the stability of copper-coated electromagnetic shielding fabrics. Coating the metalized nonwoven PET fabric with PDA can protect it from oxidation, mechanical forces, and extreme chemical conditions such as acid and alkali corrosion. The coated nonwoven fabric retained its excellent electromagnetic shielding effect even after machine- and handwashing cycles, showing average shielding effectiveness (SE) values above 41 dB for PDA@MEFTEX and Si-QAC/PDA@MEFTEX samples, and the average SE remained consistently above 39 dB under acidic and alkaline conditions.

Structurally modified carbon nanotubes as twisted fibers towards electrochemical detection of environmentally hazardous cartap.

Pesticides such as cartap play a crucial role in agriculture, as they are extensively used in controlling pests in crops like sugarcane, rice and vegetables. However, their excessive usage poses major threats to human health, causing neurotoxicity and respiratory disorders. In addition, they harm aquatic ecosystems by disrupting biodiversity.

Unlocking the Potential of EEG in Alzheimer's Disease Research: Current Status and Pathways to Precision Detection.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects millions of individuals worldwide and is considered a serious global health issue due to its gradual neuro-degenerative effects on cognitive abilities such as memory, thinking, and behavior. There is no cure for this disease but early detection along with a supportive care plan may aid in improving the quality of life for patients. Automated detection of AD is challenging because its symptoms vary in patients due to genetic, environmental, or other co-existing health conditions.

The ability of ZnO and MgO nanocages for adsorption and sensing performance of anticancer drug detection.

In recent years, researchers have carried out numerous research studies on the application of nanomaterials as tools for detecting various types of drugs within the field of pharmaceuticals, particularly for treating various cancer types such as Nitrosourea (NURS). Based on DFT calculations, the present study aims at examining the capability of the ZnO nanocage (ZnONC) and the MgO nanocage (MgONC) in detecting NURS. Different parameters such as the sensor mechanism, non-covalent interactions (NCIs), natural bond orbitals (NBOs), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and adhesion energies were analyzed.

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) consensus statement on essential biomarkers for immunotherapy clinical protocols.

Immunotherapy of cancer is now an essential pillar of treatment for patients with many individual tumor types. Novel immune targets and technical advances are driving a rapid exploration of new treatment strategies incorporating immune agents in cancer clinical practice. Immunotherapies perturb a complex system of interactions among genomically unstable tumor cells, diverse cells within the tumor microenvironment including the systemic adaptive and innate immune cells.

Pulmonary Tumor Thrombotic Microangiopathy: A Rapidly Progressive Form of Pulmonary Hypertension in Cancer Patients.

Pulmonary hypertension in patients with advanced solid organ tumors may be secondary to a rare diagnosis of pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy. Current literature is limited to case reports, and there is no consensus on diagnosis and management. This case highlights the importance of a high degree of clinical suspicion and the role of additional work-up for pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy including fludeoxyglucose-19-positron emission tomography and cytology of pulmonary artery blood sample at the time of right-sided heart catheterization.

Ocular manifestations secondary to cocaine abuse - A reviewRunning head: Ocular Complications of Cocaine Abuse.

Cocaine, a prevalent drug of abuse, is associated with numerous systemic health complications, including significant ocular manifestations. These ocular effects range from mild to severe, with the potential for irreversible vision loss. Despite the extensive documentation of cocaine's systemic effects, the literature still lacks a focused review of its ocular manifestations.

Plant polysaccharide-capped nanoparticles: A sustainable approach to modulate gut microbiota and advance functional food applications.

Plant-derived polysaccharides have emerged as sustainable biopolymers for fabricating nanoparticles (polysaccharide-based nanomaterials [PS-NPs]), presenting unique opportunities to enhance food functionality and human health. PS-NPs exhibit exceptional biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural versatility, enabling their integration into functional foods to positively influence gut microbiota. This review explores the mechanisms of PS-NPs interaction with gut microbiota, highlighting their ability to promote beneficial microbial populations, such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, and stimulate the production of short-chain fatty acids.

"We're all in this together": patient and public involvement and engagement in developing a new psychosocial intervention for adults with an intellectual disability who display aggressive challenging behaviour.

Background: Although there is consensus regarding the added value of adults with an intellectual disability and family carers as Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) members in research studies, there is limited reporting on the practice and impact of their involvement.

Methods: PPIE input was integral to the application process and subsequent research activities in the NIHR-funded PETAL (PErsonalised Treatment packages for Adults With Learning disabilities) programme. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with five researchers/PPIE facilitators and four family carers, and a focus group with three adults with an intellectual disability who are members of the programme advisory groups.

Profiling genetic mutations in the DNA damage repair genes of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients from Pakistan.

Herein, we reported mutations in five DNA Damage Repair (DDR) i.e., TP53, ATR, ATM, CHEK1 and CHEK2 involved in OSCC using NG-WES and their analysis using bioinformatics tools.

Clinical effects of YLGB-1496 on children with respiratory symptoms.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of YLGB-1496 ( YLGB-1496) on the frequency of respiratory illness symptoms and immunity profiles among toddlers.

Methods: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, 12-week intervention study, toddlers with at least 2 respiratory illness symptoms were randomly assigned into the probiotic (YLGB-1496) or placebo group at a 1:1 ratio. Follow-up examinations were conducted at baseline (week 0) and at weeks 6 and 12 of the intervention.

Root Cause Analysis and Risk of Malignancy of Non-Diagnostic Category per the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology.

Introduction: We aim to perform a root cause analysis (RCA) of the non-diagnostic (ND) category of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology.

Methods: The salivary gland fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples with ND diagnosis and corresponding surgical resections from 2013 to 2023, in the age group of 18 years and above, were included in the cohort for RCA. The cytology and surgical resection slides of cases from this RCA cohort were reviewed.