FLASH Radiotherapy: Benefits, Mechanisms, and Obstacles to Its Clinical Application.

Radiotherapy (RT) has been shown to be a cornerstone of both palliative and curative tumor care. RT has generally been reported to be sharply limited by ionizing radiation (IR)-induced toxicity, thereby constraining the control effect of RT on tumor growth. FLASH-RT is the delivery of ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) several orders of magnitude higher than what is presently used in conventional RT (CONV-RT).

Towards dental diagnostic systems: Synergizing wavelet transform with generative adversarial networks for enhanced image data fusion.

The advent of precision diagnostics in pediatric dentistry is shifting towards ensuring early detection of dental diseases, a critical factor in safeguarding the oral health of the younger population. In this study, an innovative approach is introduced, wherein Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are synergized within an Image Data Fusion (IDF) framework to enhance the accuracy of dental disease diagnosis through dental diagnostic systems. Dental panoramic radiographs from pediatric patients were utilized to demonstrate how the integration of DWT and GANs can significantly improve the informativeness of dental images.

Protocol for UAV fault diagnosis using signal processing and machine learning.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) require fault diagnosis for safe operation. Here, we present a protocol for UAV fault diagnosis using signal processing and artificial intelligence. We describe steps for collecting vibration-based signal data, preprocessing, and feature extraction using a 3-axis accelerometer or similar sensors.

UAV propeller fault diagnosis using deep learning of non-traditional χ-selected Taguchi method-tested Lempel-Ziv complexity and Teager-Kaiser energy features.

Fault detection and isolation in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) propellers are critical for operational safety and efficiency. Most existing fault diagnosis techniques rely basically on traditional statistical-based methods that necessitate better approaches. This study explores the application of untraditional feature extraction methodologies, namely Permutation Entropy (PE), Lempel-Ziv Complexity (LZC), and Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator (TKEO), on the PADRE dataset, which encapsulates various rotor fault configurations.

Failure analysis in predictive maintenance: Belt drive diagnostics with expert systems and Taguchi method for unconventional vibration features.

Predictive maintenance to avoid fatigue and failure enhances the reliability of mechanics, herewith, this paper explores vibrational time-domain data in advancing fault diagnosis of predictive maintenance. This study leveraged a belt-drive system with the properties: operating rotational speeds of 500-2000 RPM, belt pretensions at 70 and 150 N, and three operational cases of healthy, faulty and unbalanced, which leads to 12 studied cases. In this analysis, two one-axis piezoelectric accelerometers were utilized to capture vibration signals near the driver and pulley.

Extracellular Vesicle- and Mitochondria-Based Targeting of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Response to Radiation: Challenges and Perspectives.

During the cell life cycle, extracellular vesicles (EVs) transport different cargos, including organelles, proteins, RNAs, DNAs, metabolites, etc., that influence cell proliferation and apoptosis in recipient cells. EVs from metastatic cancer cells remodel the extracellular matrix and cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), promoting tumor invasion and metastatic niche preparation.

Advancing biomedical engineering: Leveraging Hjorth features for electroencephalography signal analysis.

Biomedical engineering stands at the forefront of medical innovation, with electroencephalography (EEG) signal analysis providing critical insights into neural functions. This paper delves into the utilization of EEG signals within the MILimbEEG dataset to explore their potential for machine learning-based task recognition and diagnosis. Capturing the brain's electrical activity through electrodes 1 to 16, the signals are recorded in the time-domain in microvolts.

With a little help from my friends? Acculturation and mental health in Arabic-speaking refugee youth living with their families.

Introduction: Refugee youth are often faced with the compounding challenges of heightened exposure to traumatic events and acculturating to a new country during a developmental period when their sense of self is still forming. This study investigated whether refugee youth's acculturation orientation (separation, integration, marginalization, and assimilation) is associated with depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms and aimed to identify additional indicators of acculturation that may contribute to mental health.

Methods: A total of 101 Arabic-speaking refugee youths (aged 14-20 years), who were living with their families and attending school in Germany, took part in the study.

Long-Term Cultured Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells Demonstrate Increased Radiosensitivity and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype in Response to Irradiation.

The overall effect of senescence on cancer progression and cancer cell resistance to X-ray radiation (IR) is still not fully understood and remains controversial. How to induce tumor cell senescence and which senescent cell characteristics will ensure the safest therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment are under extensive investigation. While the evidence for passage number-related effects on malignant primary cells or cell lines is compelling, much less is known about how the changes affect safety and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), both of which are needed for the senescence cell-based vaccine to be effective against cancer.

Polyploid/Multinucleated Giant and Slow-Cycling Cancer Cell Enrichment in Response to X-ray Irradiation of Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells Differing in Radioresistance and TP53/PTEN Status.

Radioresistance compromises the efficacy of radiotherapy for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most devastating and common brain tumor. The present study investigated the relationship between radiation tolerance and formation of polyploid/multinucleated giant (PGCC/MGCC) and quiescent/senescent slow-cycling cancer cells in human U-87, LN-229, and U-251 cell lines differing in status and radioresistance. We found significant enrichment in MGCC populations of U-87 and LN-229 cell lines, and generation of numerous small mononuclear (called Raju cells, or RJ cells) U-87-derived cells that eventually form cell colonies, in a process termed neosis, in response to X-ray irradiation (IR) at single acute therapeutic doses of 2-6 Gy.

Phenotypic Characteristics of Dormant Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Surviving Multifraction X-Ray Irradiation.

Phenotypic characteristics of human non-small cell lung cancer cells, A549 (p53 wild-type) and H1299 (p53-deficient) as well as their descendants surviving after multifraction X-ray irradiation at a cumulative dose of 60 Gy (sublines A549HR and H1299HR, respectively) were studied before and after additional 2 Gy single dose irradiation. In 24 h after the additional irradiation, we observed a significant increase in the proportion of cells with signs of entosis (by 5 times, p<0.05) and SA-β-gal cells (by 1.

The Molecular and Cellular Strategies of Glioblastoma and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Conferring Radioresistance.

Ionizing radiation (IR) has been shown to play a crucial role in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM; grade IV) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that radiotherapy can offer only palliation owing to the radioresistance of GBM and NSCLC. Therefore, delineating the major radioresistance mechanisms may provide novel therapeutic approaches to sensitize these diseases to IR and improve patient outcomes.

Transcriptomic Analysis of DNA Repair Pathways in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Surviving Multifraction X-Ray Irradiation.

Radioresistant sublines of non-small cell lung cancer cells differing in the p53 status were obtained: A549 (p53 wild type) and H1299 (p53 deficient). The exposure to ionizing radiation was carried out using a standard protocol developed on the basis of empirical clinical experience and consisting in exposure in a dose of 2 Gy once a day, 5 days a week up to total dose of 60 Gy. The cells survived after irradiation demonstrated reduced radiosensitivity, as well as changes in differential gene expression in comparison with parental cells.

CD44+ and CD133+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Exhibit DNA Damage Response Pathways and Dormant Polyploid Giant Cancer Cell Enrichment Relating to Their p53 Status.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in the initiation, progression and therapy relapse of many cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we aimed to address the question of whether the FACS-sorted CSC-like (CD44 + &CD133 +) vs. non-CSC (CD44-/CD133- isogenic subpopulations of p53wt A549 and p53null H1299 cells differ in terms of DNA-damage signaling and the appearance of "dormant" features, including polyploidy, which are early markers (predictors) of their sensitivity to genotoxic stress.

The impact of green lending on credit risk: evidence from UAE's banks.

This study investigates the impact of UAE's Green Credit Policy on the non-performing loan. One of the main pillars in the UAE green agenda 2015-2030 is the green finance that has been growing in high acceleration in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and the whole world. Consequently, the main objective of this study is to investigate in the financial risks that associated with green lending and whether an increasing in green lending will decrease the non-performing loans ratio (NPLR) of UAE banks, based on the period 2015-2020 dataset of 23 UAE's banks.

IR-Surviving NSCLC Cells Exhibit Different Patterns of Molecular and Cellular Reactions Relating to the Multifraction Irradiation Regimen and p53-Family Proteins Expression.

Radiotherapy is a primary treatment modality for patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumor heterogeneity still poses the central question of cancer radioresistance, whether the presence of a particular cell population inside a tumor undergoing a selective outgrowth during radio- and chemotherapy give rise to metastasis and tumor recurrence. In this study, we examined the impact of two different multifraction X-ray radiation exposure (MFR) regimens, fraction dose escalation (FDE) in the split course and the conventional hypofractionation (HF), on the phenotypic and molecular signatures of four MFR-surviving NSCLC cell sublines derived from parental A549 (p53 wild-type) and H1299 (p53-null) cells, namely A549FR/A549HR, H1299FR/H1299HR cells.

The CD44high Subpopulation of Multifraction Irradiation-Surviving NSCLC Cells Exhibits Partial EMT-Program Activation and DNA Damage Response Depending on Their p53 Status.

Ionizing radiation (IR) is used for patients diagnosed with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, radiotherapy remains largely palliative due to the survival of specific cell subpopulations. In the present study, the sublines of NSCLC cells, A549IR (p53wt) and H1299IR (p53null) survived multifraction X-ray radiation exposure (MFR) at a total dose of 60 Gy were investigated three weeks after the MFR course.

The p53-53BP1-Related Survival of A549 and H1299 Human Lung Cancer Cells after Multifractionated Radiotherapy Demonstrated Different Response to Additional Acute X-ray Exposure.

Radiation therapy is one of the main methods of treating patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the resistance of tumor cells to exposure remains the main factor that limits successful therapeutic outcome. To study the molecular/cellular mechanisms of increased resistance of NSCLC to ionizing radiation (IR) exposure, we compared A549 (p53 wild-type) and H1299 (p53-deficient) cells, the two NSCLC cell lines.

Training radial basis function neural networks: effects of training set size and imbalanced training sets.

Obtaining training data for constructing artificial neural networks (ANNs) to identify microbiological taxa is not always easy. Often, only small data sets with different numbers of observations per taxon are available. Here, the effect of both size of the training data set and of an imbalanced number of training patterns for different taxa is investigated using radial basis function ANNs to identify up to 60 species of marine microalgae.