Quantitative Analysis of Stress-Stretch Curves in Canine Lumbar Vertebrae Using Modified Logistic Functions.

Background: The mechanical characteristics of bone are crucial for comprehending its functionality and response to different load conditions, which are essential for advancing medical treatments, implants, and prosthetics. By employing mathematical modeling to analyze the mechanical properties of bone, we can assess stress and deformation under both normal and abnormal conditions. This analysis offers valuable perspectives on potential fracture risks, the effects of diseases, and the effectiveness of various treatments.

Modeling the Effect of Annulus Fibrosus Stiffness on the Stressed State of a Vertebral L1 Body and Nucleus Pulposus.

The investigation examines the transference of stiffness from intervertebral discs (IVDs) to the lumbar body of the L1 vertebra and the interactions among adjacent tissues. A computational model of the vertebra was developed, considering parameters such as cortical bone thickness, trabecular bone elasticity, and the nonlinear response of the nucleus pulposus to external loading. A nonlinear dynamic analysis was performed, revealing certain trends: a heightened stiffness of the annulus fibrosus correlates with a significant reduction in the vertebral body's ability to withstand external loading.

Experimental and theoretical investigation of aortic wall tissue in tensile tests.

Background: Understanding the mechanical properties of aortic tissue is essential for developing numerical computation tools and assessing the risk of aortic aneurysm fractures. Tensile tests using aortic wall specimens allow for the determination of stress and strain depending on the location and direction of the sample.

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a mechanical tensile test using canine aorta samples and create a numerical model of aortic tissue tension from the processed data.

Modeling the Impact of Meniscal Tears on von Mises Stress of Knee Cartilage Tissue.

The present study aims to explore the stressed state of cartilage using various meniscal tear models. To perform this research, the anatomical model of the knee joint was developed and the nonlinear mechanical properties of the cartilage and meniscus were verified. The stress-strain curve of the meniscus was obtained by testing fresh tissue specimens of the human meniscus using a compression machine.

Histomorphometry and μCT scan analysis of osteoporosis in spayed female dogs.

Background: Both humans and small animals suffer from similar metabolic and structural diseases that impact the musculoskeletal system; however, instead of studying animal disease in its own right, animals are more often used as models for research into various human ailments, such as osteoporosis. There are few studies indicating that animals may suffer from osteoporosis, which raises the question of why small animals, which we believe to be equally susceptible, receive so little attention. With this research, we hope to draw the attention of researchers to the fact that the examination of animals for this disease is just as important as the examination of humans; human osteoporosis research receives a great deal of attention, while animals and their health are neglected.

Empirical case report of the mechanical properties of three spayed canine lumbar vertebrae.

Background: Today, animals, like humans, suffer from spinal illnesses, which are aggravated in old age. Much emphasis is placed on diagnosis and treatment, but little focus is given to the spine's mechanical properties. Degenerative spine diseases are a major problem throughout the world.

Computational analysis of aortic haemodynamics in the presence of ascending aortic aneurysm.

Background: The usefulness of numerical modelling of a patient's cardiovascular system is growing in clinical treatment. Understanding blood flow mechanics can be crucial in identifying connections between haemodynamic factors and aortic wall pathologies.

Objective: This work investigates the haemodynamic parameters of an ascending aorta and ascending aortic aneurysm in humans.

Modelling of silk-reinforced PDMS properties for soft tissue engineering applications.

Background: Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used in biomedical research and technology, but its mechanical properties should be tuned according to the desired product specifications. Mixing ratio of base polymer to curing agent or additives enables its mechanical properties to be manipulated and fit to mechanical properties of biological tissues.

Objective: In this paper, we analysed the effect of mechanical load on silk-reinforced PDMS depending on silk concentration.

Investigation of the backflows and outlet boundary conditions for computations of the patient-specific aortic valve flows.

Background: Simulation divergence due to the backflow through the outlet boundary is a common, but not fully addressed challenge in patient-specific simulations of the aortic valve flows.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to develop the outlet boundary conditions aiming to improve convergence of the patient-specific aortic valve computations and to control the backflow in the case of partial reversal of the flow through the outlet.

Methods: Haemodynamic analysis of the aortic valve flows governed by the Navier-Stokes equations is performed by using the finite volume method.

Recognition of normal-abnormal phonocardiographic signals using deep convolutional neural networks and mel-frequency spectral coefficients.

Unlabelled: Intensive care unit patients are heavily monitored, and several clinically-relevant parameters are routinely extracted from high resolution signals.

Objective: The goal of the 2016 PhysioNet/CinC Challenge was to encourage the creation of an intelligent system that fused information from different phonocardiographic signals to create a robust set of normal/abnormal signal detections.

Approach: Deep convolutional neural networks and mel-frequency spectral coefficients were used for recognition of normal-abnormal phonocardiographic signals of the human heart.