Surgical excision versus observation as initial management of desmoid tumors: A population based study.

Synopsis: Desmoid tumors can be safely managed with watchful waiting, including either observation alone or tamoxifen/NSAIDs. Surgery at first presentation can be associated with significant treatment burden.

Background: Immediate surgery was historically recommended for desmoid tumors.

Saudi lung cancer prevention and screening guidelines.

Background: While lung cancer is the leading cancer cause of death, it is largely preventable. Furthermore, early diagnosis enhances the chance of cure. Therefore, we developed guidelines for lung cancer prevention and early detection.

Drug shortages in Saudi Arabia: Root causes and recommendations.

Drug shortages are a multifaceted problem that has been recurring in Saudi Arabia over the past decade with its significant negative impact on patient care. However, there is a dearth of evidence about possible domestic reasons, if any, behind this recurring problem. Recently, the Pharmacy Education Unit at King Saud University College of Pharmacy has called for a meeting with multiple stakeholders from academia, pharmaceutical care, pharmaceutical industry, purchasing and planning, and regulatory bodies to unveil the root domestic causes of the drug shortages in the Kingdom.

Street Dust-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in a Saudi Coastal City: Status, Profile, Sources, and Human Health Risk Assessment.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in street dust pose a serious problem threatening both the environment and human health. Street dust samples were collected from five different land use patterns (traffic areas TRA, urban area URA, residential areas REA, mixed residential commercial areas MCRA and suburban areas SUA) in Jeddah, a Saudi coastal city, and one in in Hada Al Sham, a rural area (RUA). This study aimed to investigate the status, profile, sources of PAHs and estimate their human health risk.

-Coumaric acid attenuates non-catalytic protein glycosylation in the retinas of diabetic rats.

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of -coumaric acid on the glycosylation of proteins in the retinas of diabetic rats. Male rats were divided into two main groups, Group I (normal control) and Group II (diabetic); Group II was further divided into four subgroups: Group IIa (diabetic control), Group IIb (diabetic rats were given -coumaric acid orally [150 mg/kg, body weight (bw)/day]), Group IIc (diabetic rats were given HCA -coumaric acid orally [300 mg/kg bw/day]), and Group IId (diabetic rats were given insulin [10 units/kg bw/day]) as a positive control). The treatment lasted for six weeks, and the data obtained suggested that -coumaric acid reduced glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels, which further decreased the formation of glucose-derived advanced glycation end products.

The Gulf Familial Hypercholesterolemia Registry (Gulf FH): Design, Rationale and Preliminary Results.

Aim: To determine the prevalence, genetic characteristics, current management and outcomes of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) in the Gulf region.

Methods: Adult (18-70 years) FH patients were recruited from 9 hospitals and centres across 5 Arabian Gulf countries. The study was divided into 4 phases and included patients from 3 different categories.

Morbidity pattern and outcome of patients admitted in a coronary care unit: a report from a secondary hospital in southern region, Saudi Arabia.

: There is limited information about the clinical profile and outcome on patients admitted to a coronary care unit (CCU) in Saudi Arabia is available. : The aim of this study was to evaluate reasons for admission, clinical characteristics, outcome and predictors of outcome in CCU patients. : The data of 392 patients admitted to the CCU of a secondary care centre in southern region of Saudi Arabia from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017 were collected.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for resected brain metastasis: Cavity dynamics and factors affecting its evolution.

Objective: To determine changes in post-surgical cavity volume for metastases based on time from surgery, pre-operative tumor dimensions and other predictors, in patients planned for post-operative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Methods: Patients with resected brain metastases from a primary solid tumor, treated with post-operative surgical cavity SRS from 2008 to 2014 were identified from an institutional prospective database. The segmented three-dimensional (3D) volume of the pre-operative tumor and post-operative surgical cavity were determined based on MRI and percent volume change was calculated.

Urinary concentrations of environmental phenols and their association with type 2 diabetes in a population in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

A few epidemiologic studies suggest that exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, little is known about association between other phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and T2DM. In this case-control study, we measured urinary concentrations of 23 phenolic EDCs in 101 individuals from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to examine the association of parabens, antimicrobials, bisphenols, benzophenones and bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers with T2DM.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease burden - Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, 2017-2030.

Background/aim: Due to epidemic levels of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and resulting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will be driving factors in liver disease burden in the coming years in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Materials And Methods: Models were used to estimate NAFLD and NASH disease progression, primarily based on changes in adult prevalence rates of adult obesity and DM. The published estimates and expert interviews were used to build and validate the model projections.

Changes in erythrocyte ATPase activity under different pathological conditions.

Background: Studies have shown that Na-K ATPase activity was altered in disrupted red blood cell membranes and this enzyme is believed to be the site of active transport of Na and K in intact red blood cells. The enzyme is often referred to as Na-K pump because it pumps Na out and K into the cell against gradients with the concomitant hydrolysis of intracellular ATP.

Objective: The aim of this study was to find out the possibility of using Na-K-ATPase activity as a biomarker for the diagnosis of individuals with different physiological conditions.

Analysis of SNPs of MC4R, GNB3 and FTO gene polymorphism in obese Saudi subjects.

Background: The goal of this study was to analyze the association between the FTO rs17817449 (G>T), G protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) C825T and Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) A822G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with obesity in Saudi subjects.

Methods: The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to BMI: Obese (BMI> 29.9) and non- obese control (BMI<24.

Synthesis, spectroscopic, thermal, antimicrobial and electrochemical characterization of some novel Ru(iii), Pt(iv) and Ir(iii) complexes of pipemidic acid.

Three new solid complexes of pipemidic acid (Pip-H) with Ru, Pt and Ir were synthesized and characterized. Pipemidic acid acts as a uni-dentate chelator through the nitrogen atom of the -NH piperazyl ring. The spectroscopic data revealed that the general formulas of Pip-H complexes are [M(L) (Cl) ]·HO ((1) M = Ru, L: Pip-H, = 3, = 3, = 6; (2) M = Pt, L: Pip-NH, = 2, = 4, = 0 and (3) M = Ir, L: Pip-H, = 3, = 3, = 6).

Comparative study of visual dysfunctions in 6-10-year-old very preterm- and full-term-born children.

Purpose: To compare visual dysfunction between very preterm-born (VPB) children with no retinopathy of prematurity (no-ROP) at 6-10 years of age and age- and sex-matched full-term-born controls.

Methods: This is an observational, prospective study that included 30 children, 6-10 years of age, born ≤ 32 weeks of gestation, with no-ROP, and 30 age- and sex-matched full-term-born controls, conducted from January 2015 until August 2015. All children underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation.

Knowledge and Awareness of Osteoporosis among Saudi Physicians and Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of osteoporosis in a sample of 141 health professionals.

Materials And Methods: A group of 141 health professionals (medical, surgical, primary health care and nursing departments) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study in the period from August 2017 to November 2017. The participants completed a questionnaire composed of 19 questions about osteoporosis which covering the main domains of knowledge on osteoporosis.

Prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib: a comparison of five models in a large Canadian database.

Several systems (tumor-node-metastasis [TNM], Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer [BCLC], Okuda, Cancer of the Liver Italian Program [CLIP], and albumin-bilirubin grade [ALBI]) were developed to estimate the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mostly prior to the prevalent use of sorafenib. We aimed to compare the prognostic and discriminatory power of these models in predicting survival for HCC patients treated with sorafenib and to identify independent prognostic factors for survival in this population. Patients who received sorafenib for the treatment of HCC between 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2015 in the provinces of British Columbia and Alberta, and two large cancer centers in Toronto, Ontario, were included.

Genuine modified Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators.

The present paper deals with genuine Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators which preserve some certain functions. The rate of convergence of new operators via a Peetre [Formula: see text]-functional and corresponding modulus of smoothness, quantitative Voronovskaya type theorem and Grüss-Voronovskaya type theorem in quantitative mean are discussed. Finally, the graphic for new operators with special cases and for some values of is also presented.

Bilateral ovarian masses with different histopathology in each ovary.

We document the rare occurrence of multiple primary benign lesions that can occur in bilateral ovarian masses with benign imaging appearances and tumor markers. In addition, this case report contributes important information that may aid physicians in guiding their patients to make optimal clinical decisions together.

Solid-state fermentation by Trichoderma viride for enhancing phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in ginger.

Unlabelled: The phenolic content of methanol and water extracts of ginger fermented by Trichoderma spp. using solid-state fermentation (SSF) was evaluated and was compared with unfermented ginger. The total phenolic content in fermented ginger increased several times.

Clinical implementation of AXB from AAA for breast: Plan quality and subvolume analysis.

Purpose: Two dose calculation algorithms are available in Varian Eclipse software: Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm (AAA) and Acuros External Beam (AXB). Many Varian Eclipse-based centers have access to AXB; however, a thorough understanding of how it will affect plan characteristics and, subsequently, clinical practice is necessary prior to implementation. We characterized the difference in breast plan quality between AXB and AAA for dissemination to clinicians during implementation.

Magnitude and characteristics of clinical trials in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional analysis.

The clinical trial is an important type of research design in the spectrum of translational research. The extent to which clinical trials are conducted is a reflection of the level of advancement that exists within a healthcare system. This study aims at describing the clinical trial activity within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia since 2000 through reviewing those trials that have been registered with clinicaltrials.

Pattern, duration of stay, and outcomes of medical admissions: a report from teaching community hospital in Assir region, Saudi Arabia.

Population-based studies are the gold standard to understand the burden of different diseases, plan health care policy and resource allocation, and provide an accurate estimate of disease several disease indices including mortality. However, population-based studies are difficult to undertake in a resource-limited situation where no robust data bases and disease registries are available. Therefore, hospital-based cohorts may be used to inform about the community health.

Development of a risk-prediction model for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dialysis patients.

Introduction The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection can cause transmission clusters and high mortality in hemodialysis facilities. We attempted to develop a risk-prediction model to assess the early risk of MERS-CoV infection in dialysis patients. Methods This two-center retrospective cohort study included 104 dialysis patients who were suspected of MERS-CoV infection and diagnosed with rRT-PCR between September 2012 and June 2016 at King Fahd General Hospital in Jeddah and King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh.

Factors associated with recovery delay in a sample of patients diagnosed by MERS-CoV rRT-PCR: A Saudi Arabian multicenter retrospective study.

Background: Research evidence exists that poor prognosis is common in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) patients.

Objectives: This study estimates recovery delay intervals and identifies associated factors in a sample of Saudi Arabian patients admitted for suspected MERS-CoV and diagnosed by rRT-PCR assay.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study was conducted on 829 patients admitted between September 2012 and June 2016 and diagnosed by rRT-PCR procedures to have MERS-CoV and non-MERS-CoV infection in which 396 achieved recovery.