Head and Neck Cancer in Saudi Arabia: a Systematic Review.

Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the ninth most common cancer worldwide, and has a poor 5-year survival rate averaging 50%, which has not changed for decades. A high prevalence of HNC has been reported in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia, as compared to other areas of the country. However, data in regards to HNC are scattered and not well documented.

The genus Artemisia L. in the northern region of Saudi Arabia: essential oil variability and antibacterial activities.

Four species of the genus Artemisia L. (Artemisia monosperma, Artemisia scoparia, Artemisia judaica and Artemisia sieberi) growing in the northern region of Saudi Arabia were investigated with respect to their volatile oil contents. The yield of oil varied between 0.

Abstracts from the 3rd International Genomic Medicine Conference (3rd IGMC 2015) : Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 30 November - 3 December 2015.

O1 Regulation of genes by telomere length over long distances Jerry W. Shay O2 The microtubule destabilizer KIF2A regulates the postnatal establishment of neuronal circuits in addition to prenatal cell survival, cell migration, and axon elongation, and its loss leading to malformation of cortical development and severe epilepsy Noriko Homma, Ruyun Zhou, Muhammad Imran Naseer, Adeel G. Chaudhary, Mohammed Al-Qahtani, Nobutaka Hirokawa O3 Integration of metagenomics and metabolomics in gut microbiome research Maryam Goudarzi, Albert J.

Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex vs. auditory brainstem response for hearing assessment.

The high prevalence of noise-induced and age-related hearing loss in the general population has warranted the use of animal models to study the etiology of these pathologies. Quick and accurate auditory threshold determination is a prerequisite for experimental manipulations targeting hearing loss in animal models. The standard auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurement is fairly quick and translational across species, but is limited by the need for anesthesia and a lack of perceptual assessment.

Spontaneous extradural hemorrhage due to Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the skull in a child: A rare presentation.

Eosinophilic granuloma (EG) represents a local form of Langerhans cell histiocytosis that occurs mostly in children. It usually presents with a gradually enlarging painless skull mass, and rarely presents a rapid clinical deterioration. This 7-year-old boy who was diagnosed with EG, based on a magnetic resonance imaging scan, after presenting with a painless right parietal swelling of 7-week duration.

Microarray Expression Data Identify DCC as a Candidate Gene for Early Meningioma Progression.

Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors bearing in a minority of cases an aggressive phenotype. Although meningiomas are stratified according to their histology and clinical behavior, the underlying molecular genetics predicting aggressiveness are not thoroughly understood. We performed whole transcript expression profiling in 10 grade I and four grade II meningiomas, three of which invaded the brain.

Stent-assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms located on small vessels: midterm results with the LVIS Junior stent in 40 patients with 43 aneurysms.

Introduction: The Low-profile Visualized Intraluminal Support (LVIS) Junior stent is dedicated for endovascular treatment of wide-neck intracranial aneurysms located on small-diameter vessels (2-3.5 mm). This study reports midterm clinical and anatomical results of this device.

Kimura disease: No age or ethnicity limit.

Kimura disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly manifests as a lump in the cervical region. Although the underlying pathophysiology is not clear yet, the diagnosis can be established based on specific histopathological characteristics. The first case of this disease was described in China, as well as the majority of subsequent cases that were also described in the Far East countries made Kimura disease traditionally a disease of adult patients of Asian descent.

The Silk flow-diverter stent for endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Flow diverter (FD) stents represent a new endovascular technique developed for the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms (wide neck, fusiform, large, and giant aneurysms) that are challenging for classic endovascular techniques such as coiling, balloon-assisted coiling and stent-assisted coiling. Low porosity, high metal coverage, and high pore density are the main properties of FD stents. These properties induce hemodynamic changes redirecting the blood flow away from the aneurysm and into the parent artery leading to gradual thrombosis of the aneurysm.

The pCONus device for the endovascular treatment of wide neck bifurcation aneurysms.

Background And Purpose: The pCONus is a new stent featuring a distal end that opens like a blossoming flower with four petals. The device is implanted in the aneurysm sac at the level of the neck. We report our initial experience in a series of patients treated with this device.

Follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated by a WEB flow disrupter: a comparative study of DSA and contrast-enhanced MR angiography.

Objective: To compare contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) and DSA for the follow-up of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) treated with the Woven EndoBridge embolization system DL (WEB DL; Sequent Medical, Aliso Viejo, California, USA).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively identified all patients treated with a WEB DL between November 2010 and February 2013 in 2 hospitals. The IA occlusion was graded on follow-up CE-MRA and DSA by 4 independent readers and by 2 readers reaching a consensus, respectively.

Epidemiological trends of histopathologically WHO classified CNS tumors in developing countries: systematic review.

Background: Many developing countries are lagging behind in reporting epidemiological data for individual central nervous system (CNS) tumors. This paper aimed to elicit patterns for the epidemiology of individual World Health Organization (WHO) classified CNS tumors in countries registered by WHO as "developing".

Materials And Methods: Cyber search was carried out through 66 cancer networks/registries and 181 PubMed published papers that reported counts of CNS tumors for the period of 2009-2012.

Oseltamivir phosphate monotherapy ablates tumor neovascularization, growth, and metastasis in mouse model of human triple-negative breast adenocarcinoma.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lack the estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-2 (HER2/neu) receptors. Patients with TNBC have typical high grading, more frequent relapses, and exhibit poorer outcomes or prognosis compared with the other subtypes of breast cancers. Currently, there are no targeted therapies that are effective for TNBC.

Floristic diversity and vegetation analysis of Wadi Arar: A typical desert Wadi of the Northern Border region of Saudi Arabia.

Wadi Arar in the Northern border region of Saudi Arabia is one of the most important Wadis of the Kingdom. The present study provides an analysis of vegetation types, life forms, as well as floristic categories and species distribution. A total of 196 species representing 31 families of vascular plants were recorded.

Transcriptional factor snail controls tumor neovascularization, growth and metastasis in mouse model of human ovarian carcinoma.

Background: Snail, a transcriptional factor and repressor of E-cadherin is well known for its role in cellular invasion. It can regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) during embryonic development and in epithelial cells. Snail also mediates tumor progression and metastases.

Silk flow-diverter stent for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a series of 58 patients with emphasis on long-term results.

Background And Purpose: The Silk flow-diverter stent is increasingly used to treat complex intracranial aneurysms including wide-neck, fusiform aneurysms. Sparse data are available concerning long-term results of this technique. We report our 5-year experience with Silk stent treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

The impact of service quality perception on patient satisfaction in government hospitals in southern Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To examine the impact of service quality perception on patient satisfaction and determine  which dimension from 5 dimensions (tangible, reliability, responsive, assurance, and empathy) has the greatest impact on patient satisfaction.

Methods: A total of 183 eligible patients participated in this study. This study was conducted in Al-Baha province, Saudi Arabia from June 2013 to August 2013.

Development and testing for an operative competency assessment tool for nasal septoplasty surgery.

Background: Assessing surgical competency in otolaryngology is challenging, and residency programs are now responsible for ensuring the surgical competency of their graduates. Therefore, more objective assessment tools are being incorporated into the evaluation process. Objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATSs) tools have been developed for multiple otolaryngology procedures.

A novel insulin receptor-signaling platform and its link to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Insulin-induced insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase activation and insulin cell survival responses have been reported to be under the regulation of a membrane associated mammalian neuraminidase-1 (Neu1). The molecular mechanism(s) behind this process is unknown. Here, we uncover a novel Neu1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) cross-talk in alliance with neuromedin B G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), which is essential for insulin-induced IR activation and cellular signaling.

A novel epidermal growth factor receptor-signaling platform and its targeted translation in pancreatic cancer.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced EGFR tyrosine kinase receptor activation in cancer cell survival responses has become a strategic molecular-targeting clinical therapeutic intent, but the failures of these targeted approaches in the clinical setting demand alternate strategies. Here, we uncover a novel neuraminidase-1 (Neu1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) cross-talk in alliance with GPCR neuromedin B, which is essential for EGF-induced receptor activation and cellular signaling. Neu1 and MMP-9 form a complex with EGFR on the cell surface.

Impact of neuromonitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerve and surgical loupes on the outcome of thyroidectomy. A retrospective chart review.

Objective: To determine whether the post-operative complication rate of thyroidectomy can be reduced using surgical loupes to identify parathyroid gland and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) with simultaneous intraoperative neuromonitoring of RLN.

Methods: This retrospective chart review was conducted from December 2012 to March 2013 at the Ear, Nose, Throat, and Head-Neck Department of King Saud Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study group included patients who underwent primary thyroid surgeries performed from July 2007 to September 2011, older than 16 years old, without history of vocal cord palsy, hypocalcemia, and sternotomy.

Acquired reactive perforating collagenosis: a clinicopathologic study of 15 cases from Saudi Arabia.

Background: Perforating dermatoses include a family of disease characterized by transepidermal elimination of collagen. Despite being described many years ago in association with systemic disease, it is still clinically misdiagnosed.

Objective: A retrospective clinical and pathologic review that will increase clinical and pathologic diagnostic awareness of this entity and explore associated systemic disease.

Chest pain in a 12-year-old boy: when is it a harbinger of poor outcome?

Chest pain is usually a benign presentation in children who present to emergency departments (ED) or primary care centers. Unlike adults, where chest pain is commonly due to cardiac causes, in children the cause is more likely secondary to non-cardiac causes. Here we present a case of a child known to have hyper-eosinophilic syndrome (HES) who presented with sudden onset of chest pain and had a rapidly progressive and fatal outcome in the ED.