[Can preterm birth be prevented from ascending bacterial infection and its adverse results in the public hospitals of Chile?].

Preterm birth (PB) is the main contributor to the perinatal morbidity/mortality. In spite of the knowledge of the risk factors and the introduction of medical interventions intended to prevent PB, its frequency has increased. Ascending bacterial infection (ABI) is the obstetric condition most frequently associated to PB causing an important adverse perinatal outcome in a public hospital in Chile.

[A new fetal death classification system].

Background: Stillbirth is the mayor contributor to perinatal mortality.

Aim: To report a system for classification of fetal deaths.

Material And Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 29,916 births with 258 fetal deaths that occurred in a public hospital.

[Obesity, a risk factor for ascending bacterial infection during pregnancy].

Background: Obesity in pregnancy is associated with significantly higher rates of infection.

Aim: To compare the infectious morbidity in pregnant women with normal and altered body mass index (BMI).

Material And Methods: Cross sectional retrospective study of 6,150 patients who had delivery or second trimester abortion during 2012.

[Vaginal infections in a Family Health Clinic in the Metropolitan Region, Chile].

Background: Vaginal infections are a frequent cause for consultation, but their prevalence and etiology vary in different populations.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and etiologies of vaginal infection in women attending a family health center in the Metropolitan Region of Chile.

Methods: The microbiological diagnosis was made by wet mount and Gram stain.

Chlamydia trachomatis genovars causing urogenital infections in Santiago, Chile.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is a common sexually transmitted infection in Chile, but little is known about the genovar distribution in genital infections. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the distribution of C. trachomatis genovars in such cases.

[Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in pregnant women attending a public hospital in Chile].

Introduction: The epidemiologic rates of gonorrhea have declined steadily in Chile, while the incidence of infections with Trichomonas vaginalis and Chlamydia trachomatis is not well known.

Aim: Since these sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and perinatal infections, this study aimed to update their prevalence in a public hospital in the Metropolitan Region of Chile.

Patients And Methods: Between April and October 2010 and April and October 2011, pregnant women attending the antenatal Service, Hospital San Borja Arriarán, were randomly selected for detection of T.

[Risk factors for preterm deliveries in a public hospital].

Background: Preterm births are responsible for 75 to 80% of perinatal mortality.

Aim: To determine the factors associated with preterm births, using maternal clinical data, laboratory results and pathological placental findings.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective study of 642 preterm single births at 22-34 weeks' gestation.

[Nugent and Spiegel criteria for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. Analysis of discordant specimens by the Ison and Hay method].

Background: Vaginal infection is the commonest cause of genital symptoms and has obstetric and gynecological implications.

Aim: To compare the Nugent and Spiegel methods for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV) and to analyze discordant specimens using Ison and Hay (Ison/Hay) criteria.

Material And Methods: After discarding cases with Candidiasis, deficient specimens or those lacking bacteria, a total of 348 Gram-stained smears vaginal specimens received for the diagnosis of BV, were analyzed.

[Fatal neonatal sepsis caused by vertical transmission of Morganella morganii. Report of one case].

We report a term neonate who developed early-onset sepsis due to Morganella morganii. The child was vaginally delivered after a short labor, and presented signs of perinatal asphyxia. Blood cultures taken soon after birth and from mother's lochia were positive for this microorganism.

[Relationship between periodontal diseases and ascending bacterial infection with preterm delivery].

Background: There is an association between periodontal diseases and preterm delivery.

Aim: To assess the relationship between periodontal diseases, ascending bacterial infection and placental pathology with preterm delivery.

Patients And Methods: A periodontal examination and collection of amniotic fluid and subgingival plaque samples were performed in women with preterm labor with intact membranes, without an evident clinical cause or preterm premature rupture of membranes, without clinical chorioamnionitis or labor and a gestational age between 24 and 34 weeks.

Detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in the amniotic fluid in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor.

Background: Epidemiologic and randomized controlled studies have shown that periodontal diseases may be associated with preterm labor and delivery of infants with low birth weights. The purpose of the present study was to determine the presence of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity by periodontopathic bacteria in pregnant women with a diagnosis of threatened premature labor.

Methods: A periodontal examination and collection of amniotic fluid and subgingival plaque samples were performed on women identified as having threatened premature labor (preterm premature rupture of membranes without clinical infection or labor and preterm labor with intact membranes) and a gestational age ranging between 24 and 34 weeks.

Antibiotic administration to patients with preterm labor and intact membranes: is there a beneficial effect in patients with endocervical inflammation?

Objective: To determine whether broad-spectrum antibiotic administration to patients with preterm labor and intact membranes is associated with an improvement in neonatal and maternal outcomes, particularly in patients with microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) or endocervical inflammation (ECI).

Methods: A prospective clinical trial was conducted in which women in premature labor were alternately allocated to receive either antibiotics or placebo, and information about MIAC and ECI collected. Eighty-four pregnant women between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation with spontaneous preterm labor were enrolled.

[Serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus agalactiae].

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus, GBS, is the leading cause of neonatal and maternal infections and an opportunistic pathogen in adults with underlying disease. In the last decade, a dramatic increase in the resistance of this microorganism to erythromycin and clindamycin has been observed.

Aim: To determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of S.

[Human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women. The importance of recognizing the infection during pregnancy and risk factors for perinatal transmission].

Background: Using adequate infection control measures, the rate of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during pregnancy, has been reduced to 3% in Chile.

Aim: To determine vertical transmission rate and risk factors associated to perinatal infection in pregnant women with known (KI) and unknown HIV infection (UI).

Patients And Methods: HIV infected pregnant women whose deliveries were attended at the San Borja Arriaran Hospital were included.