Anatomical Bases of the Temporal Muscle Trigger Points.

Method: Temporal muscles of 14 adult cadavers were studied. The muscle bellies were divided into six areas, three superior (1.2 and 3) and three inferior areas (4, 5, and 6) lower, according to a Cartesian plane to analyze and describe the entry points of the branches of the deep temporal nerves into the muscle.

Proximal endoscopic repair of the hamstring tendons: a cadaveric anatomical study of posterior hip portals.

Arthroscopy and endoscopic hip surgery have attracted increasing attention in the orthopedic field. In the case of arthroscopy, portals and their relationships with neurovascular bundle structures at risk are well established. However, studies on endoscopic portals used for the repair of hamstring tendon injuries are insufficient.

Long-Term Results of Intraoperative Radiation Therapy for Early Breast Cancer Using a Nondedicated Linear Accelerator.

Purpose: To present the long-term results of intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) for early breast cancer using a nondedicated linear accelerator.

Methods And Materials: The eligibility criteria were biopsy-proven invasive carcinoma, age ≥40 years, tumor size ≤3 cm, and N0M0. We excluded multifocal lesions and sentinel lymph node involvement.

Efficacy and safety of a device used to prevent fogging and residue buildup on surgical optics during video-assisted thoracic surgical procedures (LacrimaSurg): a pilot in vivo study in 30 patients.

Introduction: Nowadays the majority of the surgical procedures are video surgeries. Despite technological advances, some problems remain. The buildup of residues in front of the lens is an example of this problem.

Corona Mortis: A Systematic Review of Literature.

Our systematic review evaluates surgically relevant information about corona mortis (CM), such as anatomical structure, size, laterality, incidence, and anthropometric correlations. This study aimed to provide data about anastomosis in an attempt to avoid iatrogenic damage during surgery. Articles were searched online using the descriptor "Corona Mortis" in PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Saúde [LILACS], MEDLINE, indice bibliografico espaãol en ciencias de la salud [IBECS]), and SciELO database.

Medical students with performance difficulties need wide support: Initial results of an academic tutoring program.

Background: Even students with previous academic success may face challenges that affect their academic performance. Many medical schools offer programs to students at the risk of academic failure, to ensure that they succeed in the course.

Objective And Methods: In this report we describe a pioneering academic tutoring program developed at a Brazilian medical school and discuss the initial results of the program based on the feedback from tutors and data regarding the progression of students in the medical course.

Photobiomodulation therapy increases collagen II after tendon experimental injury.

A tendon is a mechanosensitive tissue that transmits muscle-derived forces to bones. Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), has been used in therapeutic approaches in tendon lesions, but uncertainties regarding its mechanisms of action have prevented its widespread use. We investigated the response of PBM therapy in experimental lesions of the Achilles tendon in rats.

Anatomical Study of the Innervation of the Masseter Muscle and Its Correlation with Myofascial Trigger Points.

Background And Purpose: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is widely prevalent in the general population; some reports estimate its prevalence ranges from 9 to 85%. Among the different locations where MPS may arise, pain related to the masseter muscle is referred as masticatory myofascial pain. MPS is characterized by myofascial trigger points (MTPs), which represent tender anatomical areas of a muscle where painful symptoms are elicited whenever stimulated.

Is there something new regarding triceps brachii muscle insertion?

Purpose: Previous studies have questioned whether the triceps brachii muscle tendon (TBMT) has a double or single insertion on the ulna. Aiming to provide an answer, we describe the anatomy of the TBMT and review a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) series of the elbow.

Methods: Forty-one elbows were dissected to assess the details of the triceps brachii insertion.

Nipple-sparing mastectomy for early breast cancer: the importance of intraoperative evaluation of retroareolar margins and intra-nipple duct removal.

Background: Nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) is increasingly performed for breast cancer (BC) treatment. To ensure local control with this procedure, it is important to obtain clear surgical margins. Here, we aimed to estimate the confidence in intraoperative evaluation of the retroareolar margin (IERM) and the necessity of removing the intra-nipple ducts.

Morphometry and Frequency of the Pyramidalis Muscle in Adult Humans: A Pyramidalis Muscle's Anatomical Analysis.

Objectives: To verify the pyramidalis muscle's frequency (bilaterality, unilaterality, or absence) and morphometry (length of the medial border and width of its origin/base) in a sample of the Brazilian population and the anthropometric influence.

Methods: Dissection of 30 cadavers, up to 24h post-mortem.

Results: The pyramidalis muscle was present bilaterally and unilaterally in 83.

Is the colon mucosa affected by ten days of gastric restriction in an animal model?

Purpose: To identify whether the colon mucosa is affected by ten days of gastric restriction in an animal model.

Methods: An experimental model of gastric restriction was devised using rats. The animals were submitted to surgical gastrostomy, and a cylindrical loofah was inserted into the stomach.

Level VI lymph nodes: an anatomic study of lymph nodes located between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the right common carotid artery.

Objective: to describe the presence of lymph nodes and their relationships with demographic and anthropometric characteristics in a specific region, not yet described in anatomy compendiums, called by us Recurrent Carotid Recess (RCR) and located among the right recurrent laryngeal nerve, the right common carotid artery, and the right inferior thyroid artery.

Methods: 32 right cervical regions were harvested from cadavers within 24 hours post-mortem. The fibro-fatty tissue of the RCR was resected and prepared with formalin fixation.

Polyethylene glycol fusion associated with antioxidants: A new promise in the treatment of traumatic facial paralysis.

Background: Recent studies in invertebrates have taught us that early cell membrane regeneration is determinant for axonal recovery and survival after trauma. Many authors obtained extraordinary results in neural regeneration using polyethylene glycol fusion protocols, which also involved microsutures and antioxidants.

Methods: Sixty rats were evaluated with functional and histological protocol after facial nerve neurotmesis.

Aneurysm of the Fibular Vein: A Case Report.

Background: Aneurysms of the deep veins of the lower limbs are rare and often asymptomatic. Although natural history is unclear, these aneurysms have been associated with deep venous thrombosis and fatal pulmonary embolism events. To our knowledge, this case represents the fifth patient with isolated aneurysm of a calf vein described in the literature and the second one affecting the fibular vein.

Lymph drainage of the upper limb and mammary region to the axilla: anatomical study in stillborns.

Purpose: We studied the lymphatic drainage of the upper limb and mammary region directing to the axilla to investigate whether independent pathways can be observed or whether anastomoses and shared drainage occur between them. This analysis aimed to assess the safety of axillary reverse mapping (ARM) in breast cancer treatment and to understand the development of lymphedema after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) alone.

Methods: Seven unfixed stillborn fetuses were injected with a modified Gerota mass in the peri-areolar area, palm and dorsum of the hands, formalin fixed, and then submerged in 10% hydrogen peroxide solution.

Anatomical Basis of the Myofascial Trigger Points of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle.

Myofascial pain syndrome is characterized by pain and limited range of motion in joints and caused by muscular contracture related to dysfunctional motor end plates and myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). We aimed to observe the anatomical correlation between the clinically described MTrPs and the entry point of the branches of the inferior gluteal nerve into the gluteus maximus muscle. We dissected twenty gluteus maximus muscles from 10 human adult cadavers (5 males and 5 females).

Botulinum toxin type A on cutaneous flap viability in diabetic and tobacco-exposed rats.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Botulinum toxin A (BoNTA) on skin flap viability in healthy, tobacco-exposed and diabetic rats.

Methods: Ninety male Wistar rats (250-300g) were randomly divided into six groups: control+saline (C1), control+BoNTA (C2), tobacco-exposed+saline (T1), tobacco-exposed+BoNTA (T2) diabetes+saline (D1) and diabetes+BoNTA (D2). A dorsal cutaneous flap (3×10cm) was performed.

Radiofrequency preserves histoarchitecture and enhances collagen synthesis in experimental tendon injury.

We investigated the action of radiofrequency (RF) on the healing process after inducing experimental lesions of the Achilles tendon in rats. Wistar rats were surgically subjected to bilateral partial transverse sectioning of the Achilles tendon. The right tendon was treated with radiofrequency (RFT), whereas the left tendon served as a control (CT).

Trigger points: an anatomical substratum.

This study aimed to bring the trapezius muscle knowledge of the locations where the accessory nerve branches enter the muscle belly to reach the motor endplates and find myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). Although anatomoclinical correlations represent a major feature of MTrP, no previous reports describing the distribution of the accessory nerve branches and their anatomical relationship with MTrP are found in the literature. Both trapezius muscles from twelve adult cadavers were carefully dissected by the authors (anatomy professors and medical graduate students) to observe the exact point where the branches of the spinal accessory nerve entered the muscle belly.

Experimental model of Achilles tendon injury in rats.

Purpose: To describe an effective experimental model to study the Achilles tendon healing.

Methods: Forty male Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar lineage adult male weighing 250 to 300g were used for this experiment and thirty were surgically submitted to bilateral partial transverse section of the Achilles tendon. The right tendon was treated with radio waves (RF) whereas the left tendon served as control.

Description of a new experimental model skin flap for studying skin viability in rats.

Purpose: To describe a new experimental flap for studying skin viability in rats.

Methods: Twenty male Wistar rats weighing between 250-300g were divided into two groups: group A - McFarlane technique, a 4 x 10cm flap was used (McFarlane); and in group B modified McFarlane technique, a 3 x 10cm flap was used. Seven days later, the animals were sacrificed and the area of necrosis was evaluated in both groups.

Cochlear implantation through the middle cranial fossa: a novel approach to access the basal turn of the cochlea.

Unlabelled: The classic approach for cochlear implant surgery includes mastoidectomy and posterior tympanotomy. The middle cranial fossa approach is a proven alternative, but it has been used only sporadically and inconsistently in cochlear implantation.

Objective: To describe a new approach to expose the basal turn of the cochlea in cochlear implant surgery through the middle cranial fossa.

E-cadherin expression in colonic mucosa with and without fecal stream.

Unlabelled: The tissue content of E-cadherin changes in inflammatory bowel diseases; however, similar changes have not yet been evaluated in diversion colitis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the tissue expression of E-cadherin in the mucosa of the colon in both segments with and without a fecal stream.

Methods: Sixty Wistar rats were subjected to deviation of fecal stream by proximal colostomy in left colon and a distal mucosal fistula.