Cutaneous adverse reactions associated with antiseizure medication: clinical characteristics and implications in epilepsy treatment.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of cutaneous adverse reactions and cross-sensitivity induced by antiseizure medications and compare the pattern of use of antiseizure medications in patients with epilepsy according to skin rash history.

Methods: We analysed patients with a history of skin rash presenting for up to 12 weeks after initiating antiseizure medication. The history of skin rash was verified by medical charts, interviews, and identification of skin lesions by patients based on illustrative images.

Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in childhood.

Objective: To discuss the differential diagnosis of encephalitis beyond that of infectious etiology and to inform pediatricians about the possibility of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) encephalitis in children by highlighting its most important clinical features.

Description: Three patients presented with an initial neuropsychiatric syndrome followed by encephalopathy and movement disorder. The initial neuropsychiatric features which developed over days to weeks included a change in personality, anxiety, confusion, and speech regression.

Epileptic seizures and EEG features in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus.

Introduction: Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus is more incident in female affecting different systems including the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to check the incidence of seizures and electroencephalographic features in these patients.

Method: It was analyzed all patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus referred to the Pequeno Príncipe Hospital in Curitiba, PR, Brazil, in the year of 2007.

De Morsier syndrome associated with periventricular nodular heterotopia: case report.

Introduction: Septo-optic dysplasia (De Morsier syndrome) is defined as the association between optic nerve hypoplasia, midline central nervous system malformations and pituitary dysfunction.

Case Report: Third child born to nonconsanguineous parents, female, adequate pre-natal medical care, cesarean term delivery due to breech presentation, Apgar score 3 at the first minute and 8 at 5 minutes, symptomatic hypoglycemia at 18 hours. Neurological follow-up identified a delay in acquisition of motor and language developmental milestones.

Clinical, laboratory and neuroimage findings in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus presenting involvement of the nervous system.

Objective: To characterize neurological involvement in juvenile systemic lupus erythe-matosus.

Method: The charts of all patients with the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus before the age of 16 years, followed at the Rheumatology Unit of Pequeno Príncipe Hospital, from January 1992 to January 2006, were retrospectively reviewed, highlighting neuropsychiatric aspects.

Results: Forty-seven patients were included.

Lissencephaly, abnormal genitalia and refractory epilepsy: case report of XLAG syndrome.

Introduction: X-linked lissencephaly with ambiguous genitalia (XLAG) is a recently described genetic disorder caused by mutation in the aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) gene (Xp22.13). Patients present with lissencephaly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, refractory epilepsy of neonatal onset, acquired microcephaly and male genotype with ambiguous genitalia.

Detection of organic acidemias in Brazil.

Background: Organic acidurias or organic acidemias are inherited metabolic disorders in which organic acids (carboxylic acids) accumulate in tissues and physiologic fluids of affected individuals. They are considered the most frequent metabolic disorders among severely ill children. Patients frequently present acute symptoms in early life.