Implanted blood vessel external support device for the treatment of distal hypoperfusion ischemic syndrome in arteriovenous fistulas and high-frame-rate Vector Flow quality assessment.

Introduction: Distal hypoperfusion ischemic syndrome (DHIS) is a complication occurring after arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation. Different surgical alternatives haves been proposed in case of severe DHIS. Aim of the present paper is to present a new technique for DHIS treatment.

Velocity vector comparison between vector flow imaging and computational fluid dynamics in the carotid bifurcation.

It has been largely documented that local hemodynamic conditions, characterized by low and oscillating wall shear stresses, play a key role in the initiation and progression of vascular atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, investigation of the flow field in the carotid bifurcation can lead to early identification of vulnerable plaques. In this scenario, the development of novel non-invasive imaging tools that can be used in routine clinical practice to identify disturbed and recirculating blood flow becomes crucial.

Wall Shear Stress Measurements Based on Ultrasound Vector Flow Imaging: Theoretical Studies and Clinical Examples.

Wall shear stress (WSS) is considered as a key factor for atherosclerosis development. Previous WSS research based on pulsed wave Doppler (PWD) showed limitations in complex flows. To improve accuracy for nonlaminar flow, a commercial ultrasound vector flow imaging (UVFI)-based WSS calculation is proposed.

High-Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging of the Carotid Bifurcation in Healthy Adults: Comparison With Color Doppler Imaging.

Objectives: To evaluate the carotid bifurcation in healthy adults using a commercial system equipped with high-frame rate vector flow imaging (VFI) based on the plane wave and to compare VFI with color Doppler imaging.

Methods: Carotid bifurcation diameters and flow characteristics of 60 vessels in 60 healthy volunteers were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively to assess complex flow patterns and their extension and duration.

Results: Complex flow in the internal carotid artery (ICA) was associated with a statistically significant difference in the ΔICA sinus-to-common carotid artery (CCA) diameter ratio (the relative change in diameter between the CCA and ICA sinus.

Vector flow imaging techniques: An innovative ultrasonographic technique for the study of blood flow.

Doppler ultrasonography is routinely used to identify abnormal blood flow. Nevertheless, conventional Doppler can be used to determine only the axial component of blood flow velocity and is angle dependent. A new method of multidimensional angle-independent estimation of flow velocity, called Vector Flow Imaging (VFI), has been proposed.

Ultrasound Vector Flow Imaging - could be a new tool in evaluation of arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis?

Introduction: We report the use of a new ultrasound technique to evaluate the axial and lateral components of a complex flow in the arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) allows to identify different components of the flow in every direction, even orthogonal to the flow streamline, represented by many single vectors. VFI could help to identify flow alterations in AVF, probably responsible for its malfunction.

High-frame rate vector flow imaging of the carotid bifurcation.

Unlabelled: Carotid artery atherosclerotic disease is still a significant cause of cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. A new angle-independent technique, measuring and visualizing blood flow velocities in all directions, called vector flow imaging (VFI) is becoming available from several vendors. VFI can provide more intuitive and quantitative imaging of vortex formation, which is not clearly distinguishable in the color Doppler image.

Calcific tendinopathy of the rotator cuff: the correlation between pain and imaging features in symptomatic and asymptomatic female shoulders.

Objective: To provide new epidemiological data regarding the prevalence, distribution and macroscopic features of shoulder rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy (calcific tendinopathy), and to identify the characteristics of calcific deposits associated with shoulder pain.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred and two female volunteers (604 shoulders) who had been referred to a gynaecological clinic participated in the study. The subjects underwent a high-resolution ultrasonography of both shoulders, and those with a diagnosis of calcific tendinopathy compiled a standardized questionnaire relating to shoulder symptoms.

Real-time tissue elastography for testicular lesion assessment.

Objectives: To assess the ability of Real-time Elastography (RTE) to differentiate malignant from benign testicular lesions.

Methods: In 88 testicles ultrasound identified 144 lesions, which were examined by RTE. Elasticity images of the lesions were assigned the colour-coded score of Itoh (Radiology 2006), according to the distribution of strain induced by light compression.

In vitro analysis of ultrasound second generation contrast agent diluted in saline solution.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in response of a second-generation sonographic contrast agent diluted in saline solution at different concentrations when different scanning techniques, and saline solution temperatures and pH were used.

Materials And Methods: A series of tests was devised to analyse the behaviour of the sonographic contrast agent at different concentrations, temperatures, pH and scanning techniques. Latex balloons were used as phantoms.