A heritable microduplication encompassing TBL1XR1 causes a genomic sister-disorder for the 3q26.32 microdeletion syndrome.

Recently, a new syndrome with intellectual disability (ID) and dysmorphic features due to deletions or point mutations within the TBL1XR1 gene located in the chromosomal band 3q26.32 has been described (MRD41, OMIM 616944). One recurrent point mutation in the TBL1XR1 gene has been identified as the cause of Pierpont syndrome (OMIM 602342), a distinct intellectual disability syndrome with plantar lipomatosis.

Prevalence of sleep problems and relationship between sleep problems and school refusal behavior in school-aged children in children's and parents' ratings.

Objective: This cross-section study investigated the prevalence of sleep disorders and the relationship between sleep problems (insomnias, parasomnias, and daytime sleepiness) and school refusal behavior in school-age children (fourth grade elementary school in Cologne, Germany).

Method: A sample of 1,490 children (age range: 8-11 years) and their parents each completed a sleep questionnaire and the School Refusal Assessment Scale.

Results: The results indicate that sleep problems in childhood are frequent.

Normative values of polysomnographic parameters in childhood and adolescence: arousal events.

Objective: This study focused on differences in arousals during sleep, using the arousal rules of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, by gender, age, and maturity in healthy children.

Methods: One-night polysomnography was performed on 209 healthy German children (age 1-18 years) at their habitual bedtimes in 16 laboratories. Subjects were grouped by gender (112 females, 97 males), age, and Tanner stage.

Normative values of polysomnographic parameters in childhood and adolescence: cardiorespiratory parameters.

Objective: To provide normative values for pediatric sleep cardiorespiratory parameters following AASM rules, assessing effects of gender, age, and Tanner stage.

Methods: One-night polysomnograhy was performed at subjects' habitual bedtimes in 16 laboratories on 209 healthy German children, 1-18 years old.

Results: Normative values of cardiorespiratory parameters in pediatric sleep are presented.

Normative values of polysomnographic parameters in childhood and adolescence: quantitative sleep parameters.

Objective: To provide normative values for sleep macroarchitecture of healthy children aged 1-18 years using the AASM sleep scoring criteria, assessing the effects of gender, age, and Tanner pubertal stage.

Methods: One-night polysomnography was performed at subjects' habitual bedtimes in 16 laboratories on 209 healthy German children.

Results: Normal values of sleep macrostructure show significant age dependencies (p<0.

Applying principles of good practice for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of sleep-screening instruments in children.

With the increase in the number of international projects in pediatric sleep medicine, the need to adapt sleep-screening tools for use in cross-cultural settings has rapidly grown. However, accepted procedures for translating and adapting existing measures are not uniformly and consistently incorporated in epidemiologic studies, resulting in potential measurement problems. The aims of this brief report are to (a) give an overview of principles for the translation and cultural adaptation of pediatric sleep-screening instruments and (b) illustrate these procedures in describing the translation and adaptation of two widely used pediatric sleep-screening tools for a German population.

Sleep disorders in children beginning school: their causes and effects.

Background: Sleep disorders are a common problem among children beginning school and may be associated both with impaired school performance and with behavioral difficulties. Because these disorders manifest themselves highly variably among children of any given age, and even in an individual affected child, they need an appropriate diagnostic evaluation so that the many environmental and background factors that may be relevant to the further course of the problem can be assessed.

Methods: Extensive data were obtained on approximately 1400 children who were tested before beginning school in 2005 by means of a special sleep questionnaire and another screening instrument that is used to assess behavioral strengths and difficulties (the SDQ, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire).

Longitudinal study of nightmares in children: stability and effect of emotional symptoms.

Nightmares are defined as dreams with strong negative emotions which awaken the dreamer and are common during childhood: cross-sectional data shows the highest prevalence rates between the ages of five and ten. The present longitudinal study was designed to study the stability of nightmares over the course of 2 years. Sleep questionnaires and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires were completed by 851 10-years-old children and their parents, separately.

Factors affecting nightmares in children: parents' vs. children's ratings.

Objective: The present study investigated the relationship between daytime symptomatology and nightmare frequency in school-aged children by eliciting daytime symptoms and nightmare frequency from children directly in addition to questionnaires completed by their parents.

Methods: A sample of 4,834 parents and 4,531 of their children (age range: 8-11 years) completed each a sleep questionnaire and the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ).

Results: The results of the study clearly indicate that there is an underestimation of nightmare frequency in the parents' ratings compared to the children's data (effect size: d = 0.

Prevalence and course of sleep problems in childhood.

Study Objectives: The Cologne Children's Sleep Study intended to provide information on prevalence and course of difficulties of initiating and maintaining sleep in childhood.

Design: Longitudinal study.

Setting: Children of the fourth grade of elementary schools in Cologne.

Increased slow wave sleep and reduced stage 2 sleep in children depending on exercise intensity.

Background: There is controversy about the consequences of physical exercise on human sleeping behaviors. Evidence suggests that voluntary physical exercise affects brain structures and functions. However, there are inconsistent data regarding the effects of exercise on sleep architecture and sleep continuity, especially the amounts of slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

[A new treatment program for children with sleep disorders--concept, practicability, and first empirical results].

Sleep disorders are common in childhood. We introduce a new psychological treatment program for children with sleep disorders. The program consists of different educational modules and can be conducted in single and group setting.

[Sleep disorders in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder--results of a polysomnographic study].

Objectives: We report results of a polysomnographic study carried out with children aged 6 to 12 years with either ADHD or a sleep disorder. The study focussed on whether the sleep structure and architecture of n = 36 ADHD children with and without sleep disorders differed from that of either n=15 children with sleep disorders or n=87 children without sleep disorders. Moreover, we assessed whether there was an increased risk for co-morbid sleep-related breathing disorders among ADHD children.

[Prevalence and stress factors of sleep disorders in children starting school].

Epidemiological studies of sleep disturbances in preschool and school-aged children are under-represented in international clinical research. Based on this fact we investigated the prevalence of insomnia and parasomnia in a representative sample of school-novices in Cologne in 2002 (Cologne Children's Sleep Study). We have also considered the relationship between sleep problems on the one hand and sleep hygienic variables, physical and somatic healthy factors and behavioral problems on the other.