Influence of different heat treatments and temperatures on the cyclic fatigue resistance of endodontic instruments with the same design.

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of different heat treatments and temperatures on the cyclic fatigue resistance of 2Shape instruments (Micro Mega, Besancon, France) with the same design.

Materials And Methods: A total of 80 2Shape TS1 (#25/.04) and 80 TS2 (#25/.

Influence of NiTi Wire Diameter on Cyclic and Torsional Fatigue Resistance of Different Heat-Treated Endodontic Instruments.

We compared the mechanical properties of 2Shape mini TS2 (Micro-Mega, Besançon, France) obtained from 1.0 diameter nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires and 2Shape TS2 from 1.2 diameter nickel-titanium (NiTi) wires differently thermally treated at room and body temperature.

Effects of ultrasonic refinement on endodontic access cavity walls: A microcomputed tomography analysis.

Objectives: The present study aimed in assessing the coronal defects after access cavity finishing and refinement by micro.

Methods: Access cavities on thirty molars were prepared using a diamond bur. To finish and refine the access cavity, the Endo-Z was used in group 1 (n=15) and Start X 1 in group 2.

Anatomical Investigation of Middle Mesial Canals of Mandibular Molars in a Middle Eastern Population: A Cross-sectional Cone-beam Computed Tomography Study.

Aim: To identify the prevalence of middle mesial canals (MMC) in mandibular molars in a Lebanese population to determine the relationship between MMC and different factors (age, sex, and tooth type) and to examine the canal's morphological aspects (category, length, orifice position, and dentin width toward furcation).

Materials And Methods: The presence of MMC in the mesial roots of 505 mandibular molars of 200 patients was analyzed using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Then, the position of the MMC orifices with respect to the pulpal floor and the main canals orifices, and the width of dentin along the canal toward the furcation were determined using 3D Slicer 4.

Impact of Warm Vertical Compaction on the Sealing Ability of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers: A Confocal Microscopic Evaluation.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the dentinal tubule penetration of two calcium silicate-based sealers used in warm vertical compaction (WVC) obturation technique in comparison with the single cone (SC) technique by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The null hypothesis was that both obturation techniques produced similar sealer penetration depths at 1 and 5 mm from the apex. Forty-four mandibular single-rooted premolars were randomly divided into four equally experimental groups (n = 10) and two control groups (n = 2) according to the type of sealer (Bio-C Angelus, Londrína, PR, Brazil or HiFlow Brasseler, Savannah, GA, USA) with either SC or WVC.

Assessment of root canal transportation of 2Shape and ProTaper gold in mandibular molar mesial canals: A micro-computed tomographic study.

The aim of this study was to compare shaping abilities of Protaper Gold® (PTG) and 2Shape® (TS) by using a new automatic process and micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). 32 first mandibular molars with two separate mesial canals were selected. Only mesial roots were prepared with PTG and TS.

Canal Transportation and Centring Ability of Reciproc and Reciproc Blue With or Without Use of Glide Path Instruments: A CBCT Study.

Objective: The objective of this ex vivo study was to evaluate canal transportation and centring ability of Reciproc and Reciproc blue systems in curved root canals with or without prior use of PathFile rotary system (PF) using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Methods: One hundred and twenty curved root canals from maxillary and mandibular premolars were selected. Canals were divided randomly into 4 groups (n=30): Reciproc 25 (R25), (PF+R25), Reciproc Blue 25 (RB25), (PF+RB 25).

Effect of 2 Heat-treated Nickel-Titanium Files on Enlargement and Deformation of the Apical Foramen in Curved Canals: A Scanning Electronic Microscopic Study.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate under scanning electronic microscopy the enlargement and deformation of the apical foramen of curved mesiobuccal roots with both reciprocating and rotary single-file systems made of a newly heat-treated alloy through the use of Reciproc Blue (REC Blue; VDW, Munich, Germany) and XP-endo Shaper (XPS; FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland).

Methods: Forty mesiobuccal roots of mandibular and maxillary molars presenting a curvature ranging from 20°-40° were used in this study. The apical foramens were initially scanned with a scanning electronic microscope under 200× magnification.

Post-endodontic Flare-ups after a Single-visit Treatment Using the FUI Scoring Method and Associated Factors: A Clinical Prospective Study.

Aim: Flare-ups following a root canal treatment are still a major problem both to the patient and to the clinician. Its definition, etiology, incidence, and risk factors have been the subject of long-standing debate. We conducted this study to investigate the incidence of flare-ups after a single-visit treatment and to identify the factors associated with the flare-up index (FUI).

Influence of the Maxillary Sinus on the Accuracy of the Root ZX Apex Locator: An Ex Vivo Study.

This study evaluated the accuracy of the Root ZX (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan) electronic apex locator in determining the working length when palatal maxillary molar roots are in a relationship with the sinus. Seventeen human maxillary molars with vital pulp were scheduled for an extraction and implant placement as part of a periodontal treatment plan.

Evaluation of Two Shaping Systems and Two Ultrasonic Irrigation Devices in Removing Root Canal Filling Material from Mesial Roots of Mandibular Molars: A Micro CT Study.

We assessed the efficiency of two shaping file systems and two passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) devices for removing filling material during retreatment. The mesial canals from 44 extracted mandibular molars were prepared and obturated. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups, and then one group was retreated with Reciproc R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) (n = 44) and the other group was retreated with 2Shape (TS, Micro Mega, Besançon, France) (n = 44).

Dentinal tubule penetration of AH Plus, BC Sealer and a novel tricalcium silicate sealer: a confocal laser scanning microscopy study.

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the dentinal tubule penetration of three different sealers, AH Plus, BC Sealer and a novel tricalcium silicate sealer (NTS).

Materials And Methods: Ninety-six human maxillary central incisors were divided into three experimental groups (n = 32) and were filled with gutta-percha using a single-cone technique in conjunction with one of the three sealers: AH Plus, BC Sealer or NTS. The roots in each group were cross-sectioned at 1 and 5 mm from the root apex, and the surfaces were examined under confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).

Impact of the Root Canal Taper on the Apical Adaptability of Sealers used in a Single-cone Technique: A Micro-computed Tomography Study.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of root canal taper on the apical adaptability of three root canal sealers used in a single-cone technique by measuring void's volume.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six maxillary premolar root canals were divided into two groups. Eighteen root canals were shaped with iRace/FKG 0.

Quantitative volumetric analysis of cross-linked gutta-percha obturators.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of technique on the filling quality of 2 recently introduced obturation systems comparatively with warm vertical compaction using micro-computed tomography.

Methods: 36 single-rooted teeth were selected, root canals prepared, and assigned to 3 groups (n=12), according to the filling technique: warm vertical compaction technique WVC, GuttaCore (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) and Gutta Fusion (VDW, Germany). Each specimen was scanned using a micro-CT.

Properties of Tricalcium Silicate Sealers.

Introduction: Sealers based on tricalcium silicate cement aim at an interaction of the sealer with the root canal wall, alkalinity with potential antimicrobial activity, and the ability to set in a wet field. The aim of this study was to characterize and investigate the properties of a new tricalcium silicate-based sealer and verify its compliance to ISO 6876 (2012).

Methods: A new tricalcium silicate-based sealer (Bio MM; St Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon), BioRoot RCS (Septodont, St Maure de Fosses, France), and AH Plus (Dentsply, DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) were investigated.

Dentinal crack formation during root canal preparations by the twisted file adaptive, Reciproc and WaveOne instruments.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the frequency of dentinal microcracks after root canal shaping with 2 reciprocating (Reciproc and WaveOne) and 1 combined continuous reciprocating motion twisted files adaptive (TFA) rotary system.

Materials And Methods: Ninety molars were chosen and divided into three groups of 30 each. Root canal preparation was achieved by using Reciproc R25, Primary WaveOne and TFA systems.

Accuracy of Cone-beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Radiography in Endodontically Treated Teeth Evaluation: A Five-Year Retrospective Study.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of two imaging methods in detecting the apical pathology in endodontically treated teeth.

Material And Methods: A clinical examination from a sample of 156 teeth of patients treated by students of masters in endodontics at the Care Center of the Faculty of Dentistry at St. Joseph University, Beirut was done after 5 years of follow-up.

The influence of brushing motion on the cutting behavior of 3 reciprocating files in oval-shaped canals.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the cutting efficiency of 3 reciprocating single-file systems used with a brushing motion in oval-shaped canals.

Methods: Sixty premolars with single oval canals were selected and randomly assigned to 3 groups according to the file used in canal instrumentation: R25 Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany), Primary WaveOne ((Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and a novel prototype instrument (UFile; MicoMega, Besancon, France). Instrumentation was performed in 4 consecutive steps; according to manufacturers' instructions, 5 brushing strokes against the buccal wall with a nonworking instrument followed by another 5 and 15 brushing strokes with a working file.

Micro-computed tomographic evaluation of canal transportation instrumented by different kinematics rotary nickel-titanium instruments.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare canal transportation of curved root canals by using 3 nickel-titanium systems: Reciproc, WaveOne, and Twisted Files Adaptive (TF).

Methods: Twenty-four extracted human mandibular molars with 2 separate mesial canals and severe angle of curvature were selected. Individual canals were divided randomly to 1 of the 3 experimental groups: Reciproc group, reciprocating instrumentation with Reciproc R25; WaveOne group, reciprocating instrumentation with the Primary WaveOne file; and TF Adaptive group, Adaptive Rotary Motion with the TF files.

Removal efficiency of calcium hydroxide dressing from the root canal without chemically active adjuvant.

Aim: Compare the efficiency in removing two calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] preparations from root canal and apical third using single use syringe, ultrasonics and RinsEndo((®)) with saline solution.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and eighty human singlerooted teeth were instrumented using ProTaper((®)) rotary system, divided into two groups according to Ca(OH)2 filling. A: Powder mixed with water, B: Pulpdent((®)).

MM-MTA for direct pulp capping: a histologic comparison with ProRoot MTA in rat molars.

Aim: To compare the histomorphological response of rat dental pulps capped with MM-MTA and ProRoot MTA at 1, 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively.

Materials And Methods: Direct pulp capping with MM-MTA and ProRoot MTA, overlaid with light-cured composite resin, was performed on right and left maxillary first molars of 20 Wistar rats. Animals were killed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively.

The quality of Thermafil obturations with different final apical tapers: a three-dimensional microcomputed tomographic comparative study.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of final canal taper on the sealing ability of Thermafil by using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT).

Materials And Methods: Fifty-four single-rooted teeth were instrumented to apical size 40 taper 4, 6 and 8%. Teeth were divided into three groups.

Taper preparation variability compared to current taper standards using computed tomography.

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to compare the taper variation in root canal preparations among Twisted Files and PathFiles-ProTaper .08 tapered rotary files to current standards.

Irrigant flow beyond the insertion depth of an ultrasonically oscillating file in straight and curved root canals: visualization and cleaning efficacy.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the insertion depth of an ultrasonically oscillating file on the ability to remove dentin debris from simulated canal irregularities in an extracted tooth model of a straight root canal and its influence on the flow of irrigant in both straight and curved canals.

Methods: A tooth model with artificial depressions in 1 canal wall at 0.5, 2, 4, and 6 mm from the working length was used.

Comparison of canal transportation and centering ability of twisted files, Pathfile-ProTaper system, and stainless steel hand K-files by using computed tomography.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare canal transportation and centering ability of 2 rotary nickel-titanium (NiTi) systems (Twisted Files [TF] and Pathfile-ProTaper [PP]) with conventional stainless steel K-files.

Methods: Ninety root canals with severe curvature and short radius were selected. Canals were divided randomly into 3 groups of 30 each.