Radiofrequency Induction Heating for Green Chemicals Manufacture: A Systematic Model of Energy Losses and a Scale-Up Case-Study.

Radiofrequency (RF) induction heating has generated much interest for the abatement of carbon emissions from the chemicals sector as a direct electrification technology. Three challenges have held back its deployment at scale: reactors must be built from nonconductive materials which eliminates steel as a design choice; the viability of scale-up is uncertain; and to date the reported energy efficiency has been too low. This paper presents a model that for the first time makes a comprehensive analysis of energy losses that arise from RF induction heating.

Highly Sensitive Real-Time Isotopic Quantification of Water by ATR-FTIR.

A method has been developed to reliably quantify the isotopic composition of liquid water, requiring only immersion of a "ReactIR" probe in the sample under test. The accuracy and robustness of this method has been extensively tested using a deuterium/protium system, and substantial improvements in sensitivity were obtained using highly novel chemical signal amplification methods demonstrating a standard deviation of 247 ppb D (a δD of 1.6 ‰).

Regulation of Human γδ T Cells by BTN3A1 Protein Stability and ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters.

Activation of human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells by "phosphoantigens" (pAg), the microbial metabolite ()-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP) and the endogenous isoprenoid intermediate isopentenyl pyrophosphate, requires expression of butyrophilin BTN3A molecules by presenting cells. However, the precise mechanism of activation of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells by BTN3A molecules remains elusive. It is not clear what conformation of the three BTN3A isoforms transmits activation signals nor how externally delivered pAg accesses the cytosolic B30.

DNA methylation analysis of paediatric low-grade astrocytomas identifies a tumour-specific hypomethylation signature in pilocytic astrocytomas.

Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) account for about a third of all brain tumours in children. We conducted a detailed study of DNA methylation and gene expression to improve our understanding of the biology of pilocytic and diffuse astrocytomas. Pilocytic astrocytomas were found to have a distinctive signature at 315 CpG sites, of which 312 were hypomethylated and 3 were hypermethylated.