Probabilistic Description of Streamflow and Active Length Regimes in Rivers.

In spite of the prevalence of temporary rivers over a wide range of climatic conditions, they represent a relatively understudied fraction of the global river network. Here, we exploit a well-established hydrological model and a derived distribution approach to develop a coupled probabilistic description for the dynamics of the catchment discharge and the corresponding active network length. Analytical expressions for the flow duration curve (FDC) and the stream length duration curve (SLDC) were derived and used to provide a consistent classification of streamflow and active length regimes in temporary rivers.

Hierarchical climate-driven dynamics of the active channel length in temporary streams.

Looking across a landscape, river networks appear deceptively static. However, flowing streams expand and contract following ever-changing hydrological conditions of the surrounding environment. Despite the ecological and biogeochemical value of rivers with discontinuous flow, deciphering the temporary nature of streams and quantifying their extent remains challenging.

Monitoring and Modeling Drainage Network Contraction and Dry Down in Mediterranean Headwater Catchments.

Understanding the expansion and contraction dynamics of flowing drainage networks is important for many research fields like ecology, hydrology, and biogeochemistry. This study analyzes for the first time the network shrinking and dry down in two seasonally dry hot-summer Mediterranean catchments (overall area 1.15 km) using a comprehensive approach based on monitoring and modeling of the flowing network.

Multiscale assessment of the impact on air quality of an intense wildfire season in southern Italy.

The summer of 2017 in the Calabria Region (South Italy) was an exceptional wildfire season with the largest area burned by wildfires in the last 11 years (2008-2019). The equivalent black carbon (EBC) and carbon monoxide (CO) measurements, recorded at the high-altitude Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Monte Curcio (MCU) regional station, were analyzed to establish the wildfires' impact on air quality, human health, and the ecosystem. A method was applied to identify the possible wildfires that influenced the air quality based on the integration of fire data (both satellite and ground-based) and the high-resolution WRF-HYSPLIT trajectories.

Cone Dystrophies: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study.

Background: This study investigates the relationship between retinal vascularization and macular function in patients with cone dystrophies (CDs).

Methods: Twenty CD patients (40 eyes) and 20 healthy controls (20 eyes) were enrolled in this prospective case-control study. Patients underwent full ophthalmological examination, microperimetry, full-field, pattern and multifocal electroretinogram (ERG, PERG, mfERG) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Widefield Swept Source OCTA in Retinitis Pigmentosa.

(1) Background: To evaluate superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), choriocapillaris (CC), perfusion density (PD), and vessel length density (VLD) in macular and near/mid periphery regions in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) using widefield swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (WSS-OCTA). (2) Methods: Twelve RP patients (20 eyes) and 20 age-matched subjects (20 eyes) were imaged with the SS-OCTA system (PLEX Elite 9000, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA, USA).

Anatomical and functional changes after dexamethasone implant and ranibizumab in diabetic macular edema: a retrospective cohort study.

Aim: To investigate the efficacy and safety of ranibizumab (RZB group) and dexamethasone implant (DEX group) intravitreal treatments in patients with treatment-naïve center involved diabetic macular edema (DME) by means of functional and morphological assessments.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 50 eyes of 50 patients with DME treated either with RBZ or DEX. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and microperimetry were evaluated at baseline and during a 6-month follow-up.

Correlation between Choriocapillaris Density and Retinal Sensitivity in Stargardt Disease.

The aim of this work was to characterize the choriocapillaris (CC) in patients with Stargardt disease (STGD) using the swept source widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (SS WF OCTA) and to compare CC perfusion density to retinal sensitivity, analyzed using microperimetry (MP). This cross-sectional study included 9 patients (18 eyes) with STGD and central CC atrophy (stage 3 STGD). The CC was analyzed using SS WF OCTA and areas of different CC impairment were quantified and correlated with retinal sensitivity analyzed using MP.

Scleral and conjunctival features in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment undergoing scleral buckling: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography and in vivo confocal microscopy study.

Purpose: To investigate the scleral and conjunctival features in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) undergoing scleral buckling (SB), using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Methods: Twenty RRD eyes were consecutively enrolled. AS-OCT was performed at RRD diagnosis (RRD-D) and day 1, week 1, month 1 and month 6 after SB to evaluate the sclera, in the affected and unaffected quadrants (AQ, UQ).

Impact of Choriocapillaris Flow on Multifocal Electroretinography in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration Eyes.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between perfusion of the choriocapillaris (CC) and macular function in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: In this prospective, observational, cross-sectional study, macular optical coherence tomography angiography images and multifocal electroretinograms were obtained in 20 eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration from 20 patients. The main outcome measures were (1) the percent nonperfused choriocapillaris area (PNPCA), which represents a measure of the total area of CC vascular dropout, and (2) the average size of the CC signal voids, which represent contiguous regions of CC dropout.

Radial Peripapillary Capillary Network in Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study.

Purpose: To investigate radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network in patients affected by retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods: Eleven patients (22 eyes) with previous diagnosis of RP and 16 age-matched healthy subjects (16 eyes) were enrolled. The diagnosis of RP was made based on both clinical features and electrophysiological examination.

Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in Susac's syndrome: a case report.

Purpose: To report clinical features of Susac's syndrome (SS) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 25-year-old Caucasian female with a history of non-pulsatile migraine, tinnitus, and verbal apraxia complaining of peripheral scotoma in left eye due to branch retinal arteriole occlusion (BRAO) was diagnosed as having SS after audiometric test, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and multimodal retinal imaging.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Findings in Stargardt Disease.

Background: to assess vessel density of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and choriocapillaris (CC) in advanced Stargardt disease (STGD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and correlate these findings with macular function using pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG).

Methods: Twelve patients (24 eyes) with advanced STGD underwent vessel densities and macular thickness measurements using OCTA. A control group of 24 healthy controls (24 eyes) was chosen for comparison.

Optical coherence tomography angiography microvascular findings in macular edema due to central and branch retinal vein occlusions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate retinal and choriocapillaris vessel density using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) complicated by macular edema (ME). Sixty eyes of 60 patients with CRVO or BRVO and ME and 40 healthy subjects underwent measurements of superficial and deep foveal and parafoveal vessel density (FVD, PFVD) and choricapillary density using OCTA at baseline and 60 days after intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IVDEX). FVD and PFVD of the superficial plexus were not significantly lower in CRVO group compared to the controls while in the BRVO group overall PFVD were significantly lower compared to control group (p < 0.

Macular Features in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Correlations Among Ganglion Cell Complex Thickness, Capillary Density, and Macular Function.

Purpose: To investigate correlations among macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) layer thickness, macular capillary density, and macular function in patients affected by retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods: Fourteen patients (28 eyes) with previous diagnosis of RP were enrolled. The diagnosis of these conditions was made based on both clinical features and electrophysiological examination.