Transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis of the differential pathway contribution to the incorporation of erucic acid to triacylglycerol during Pennycress seed maturation.

(Pennycress) is an emerging feedstock for biofuel production because of its high seed oil content enriched in erucic acid. A transcriptomic and a lipidomic study were performed to analyze the dynamics of gene expression, glycerolipid content and acyl-group distribution during seed maturation. Genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis were expressed at the early stages of seed maturation.

Different -Regulatory Elements Control the Tissue-Specific Contribution of Plastid ω-3 Desaturases to Wounding and Hormone Responses.

Trienoic fatty acids are essential constituents of biomembranes and precursors of jasmonates involved in plant defense responses. Two ω-3 desaturases, FAD7 and FAD8, synthetize trienoic fatty acids in the plastid. Promoter:GUS and mutagenesis analysis was used to identify -elements controlling and basal expression and their response to hormones or wounding.

Oxidative Stress in Non-Dialysis-Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.

Background: Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality at any stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Moreover, the high rate of cardiovascular mortality observed in these patients is associated with an accelerated atherosclerosis process that likely starts at the early stages of CKD. Thus, traditional and non-traditional or uremic-related factors represent a link between CKD and cardiovascular risk.

Improving soybean seed oil without poor agronomics.

This article comments on: . 2020. Soybean TILLING-by-sequencing reveals the role of novel members in unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis while maintaining healthy nodules.

Functional analysis of β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase from biofuel feedstock Thlaspi arvense reveals differences in the triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathway among Brassicaceae.

Differences in FAE1 enzyme affinity for the acyl-CoA substrates, as well as the balance between the different pathways involved in their incorporation to triacylglycerol might be determinant of the different composition of the seed oil in Brassicaceae. Brassicaceae present a great heterogeneity of seed oil and fatty acid composition, accumulating Very Long Chain Fatty Acids with industrial applications. However, the molecular determinants of these differences remain elusive.

Possible synergies between isatin, an endogenous MAO inhibitor, and antiparkinsonian agents on the dopamine release from striatum of freely moving rats.

Isatin is an endogenous indole that inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO). When exogenously administered, it increases the striatal dopamine and acetylcholine levels and presents neuroprotective effects in the brain. Previous studies show that intrastriatal administration of isatin increased the in vivo dopamine release from striatum in a concentration-dependent form.

Clothianidin, a neonicotinoid insecticide, activates α4β2, α7 and muscarinic receptors to induce in vivo dopamine release from rat striatum.

Clothianidin (CLO) is a neonicotinoid insecticide that produces toxic effects in experimental animals and humans. These effects are associated primarily to its action as a nicotinic agonist, acting on insect and vertebrate nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), but little is known about the mechanisms of action on the mammalian nervous system. In the rat striatum, CLO induces increases in the dopamine overflow in a concentration-dependent manner.

Transcriptional Regulation of Stearoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses Leads to Changes in the Unsaturated Fatty Acids Composition of Olive Mesocarp.

In higher plants, the stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (SAD) catalyzes the first desaturation step leading to oleic acid, which can be further desaturated to linoleic and α-linolenic acids. Therefore, SAD plays an essential role in determining the overall content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). We have investigated how genes expression and UFA composition are regulated in olive () mesocarp tissue from Picual and Arbequina cultivars in response to different abiotic stresses.

Tissue Distribution and Specific Contribution of Arabidopsis FAD7 and FAD8 Plastid Desaturases to the JA- and ABA-Mediated Cold Stress or Defense Responses.

To overcome the difficulties to analyze membrane desaturases at the protein level, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the plastidial AtFAD7 and AtFAD8 ω-3 desaturases fused to green fluorescent protein, under the control of their endogenous promoters, were generated and their tissue relative abundance was studied. Gene expression, glucuronidase promoter activity, immunoblot and confocal microscopy analyses indicated that AtFAD7 is the major ω-3 desaturase in leaves when compared to AtFAD8. This higher abundance of AtFAD7 was consistent with its higher promoter activity and could be related with its specificity for the abundant leaf galactolipids.

Mechanisms of action of paraoxon, an organophosphorus pesticide, on in vivo dopamine release in conscious and freely moving rats.

Paraoxon is the active metabolite of parathion, an organophosphorus pesticide which can cause neurotoxic effects in animals and humans. In the present work, we investigated the effects of 5 mM paraoxon on striatal dopamine, DOPAC and HVA levels in conscious and freely moving rats, after treatment with TTX, reserpine, nomifensine, KCl, Ca-free/EDTA medium, AP-5 or L-NAME. The intrastriatal administration of paraoxon for 60 min, through the microdialysis probe, significantly produced an increase of the dopamine to 1066 ± 120%, relative to basal levels.

Characterization of acute intrastriatal effects of paraoxon on in vivo dopaminergic neurotransmission using microdialysis in freely moving rats.

Paraoxon (POX) is an extremely neurotoxic organophosphorous compound (OP) which main toxic mechanism is the irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase. Although the cholinergic system has always been linked as responsible for its acute effects, experimental studies have suggested that the dopaminergic system also may be a potential target for OPs. Based on this, in this study, the acute intrastriatal effects of POX on dopaminergic neurotransmission were characterized in vivo using brain microdialysis in freely moving rats.

Role of voltage-gated calcium channels on striatal dopamine release induced by inorganic mercury in freely moving rats.

The possible role of voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) activation on the HgCl-induced dopamine release was investigated using selective VSCC blockers and the dopamine levels were measured by HPLC from samples obtained by in vivo brain microdialysis. Infusion of HgCl in nicardipine (10 or 100 μM) or flunaricine (10 μM) pretreated animals had no significant effect on dopamine release induced by HgCl. Pretreatment with 100 μM flunaricine, 20 μM ω-conotoxin MVIIC, or ω-conotoxin GVIA significantly decreased the HgCl-induced dopamine release over 61%, 88%, and 99%, respectively.

Identification of target genes and processes involved in erucic acid accumulation during seed development in the biodiesel feedstock Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.).

We studied erucic acid accumulation in the biodiesel feedstock Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) as a first step towards the development of a sustainable strategy for biofuel production in the EU territory. To that end, two inbred Pennycress lines of European origin, "NASC" and "French," were cultivated in a controlled chamber and in experimental field plots, and their growth, seed production and seed oil characteristics analyzed.

Effects and mechanism of action of isatin, a MAO inhibitor, on in vivo striatal dopamine release.

Isatin is an endogenous indole that inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO), being more selective for MAO-B than MAO-A isoform. By inhibiting MAO, isatin increases dopamine levels in the brain and, in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) isatin is able to prevent dopamine depletion. Contradictorily, some studies indicate that isatin did not increase striatal dopamine levels, although it was able to improve the motor signs in PD model.

Trends in dialysis modality choice and related patient survival in the ERA-EDTA Registry over a 20-year period.

Background: Although previous studies suggest similar patient survival for peritoneal dialysis (PD) and haemodialysis (HD), PD use has decreased worldwide. We aimed to study trends in the choice of first dialysis modality and relate these to variation in patient and technique survival and kidney transplant rates in Europe over the last 20 years.

Methods: We used data from 196 076 patients within the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) Registry who started renal replacement therapy (RRT) between 1993 and 2012.

Urinary Klotho measured by ELISA as an early biomarker of acute kidney injury in patients after cardiac surgery or coronary angiography.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery and percutaneous coronary interventions which markedly worsens prognosis. In recent years, new early biomarkers of AKI have been identified, but many important aspects still remain to be solved. Klotho is a pleiotropic protein that acts as a paracrine and endocrine factor in multiple organs.

Non-redundant Contribution of the Plastidial FAD8 ω-3 Desaturase to Glycerolipid Unsaturation at Different Temperatures in Arabidopsis.

Plastidial ω-3 desaturase FAD7 is a major contributor to trienoic fatty acid biosynthesis in the leaves of Arabidopsis plants. However, the precise contribution of the other plastidial ω-3 desaturase, FAD8, is poorly understood. Fatty acid and lipid analysis of several ω-3 desaturase mutants, including two insertion lines of AtFAD7 and AtFAD8, showed that FAD8 partially compensated the disruption of the AtFAD7 gene at 22 °C, indicating that FAD8 was active at this growth temperature, contrasting to previous observations that circumscribed the FAD8 activity at low temperatures.

Urinary KIM-1, NGAL and L-FABP for the diagnosis of AKI in patients with acute coronary syndrome or heart failure undergoing coronary angiography.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after coronary angiography. Early biomarkers of this disease are needed since increase in serum creatinine levels is a late marker. To assess the usefulness of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (uL-FABP) for early detection of AKI in these patients, comparing their performance with another group of cardiac surgery patients.

Blocking NMDA receptors delays death in rats with acute liver failure by dual protective mechanisms in kidney and brain.

Treatment of patients with acute liver failure (ALF) is unsatisfactory and mortality remains unacceptably high. Blocking NMDA receptors delays or prevents death of rats with ALF. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear.

A temporal regulatory mechanism controls the different contribution of endoplasmic reticulum and plastidial ω-3 desaturases to trienoic fatty acid content during leaf development in soybean (Glycine max cv Volania).

We analyzed the molecular mechanism controlling ω-3 fatty acid desaturases during seed germination and leaf development in soybean. During germination, soybean seeds were characterized by a high 18:2(Δ9,12) level (more than 50%) and reduced 18:3(Δ9,12,15) content (10%). Interestingly, transcripts from all endoplasmic reticulum (GmFAD3A and GmFAD3B) and plastidial (GmFAD7-1/GmFAD7-2 or GmFAD8-1/GmFAD8-2) desaturase genes were detected during seed germination.

Role of glutamate receptors and nitric oxide on the effects of glufosinate ammonium, an organophosphate pesticide, on in vivo dopamine release in rat striatum.

The purpose of the present work was to assess the possible role of glutamatergic receptors and nitric oxide (NO) production on effects of glufosinate ammonium (GLA), an organophosphate pesticide structurally related to glutamate, on in vivo striatal dopamine release in awake and freely moving rats. For this, we used antagonists of NMDA (MK-801 and AP5) or AMPA/kainate (CNQX) receptors, or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors (l-NAME and 7-NI), to study the effects of GLA on release of dopamine from rat striatum. So, intrastriatal infusion of 10mM GLA significantly increased dopamine levels (1035±140%, compared with basal levels) and administration of GLA to MK-801 (250μM) or AP5 (650μM) pretreated animals, produced increases in dopamine overflow that were ∼40% and ∼90% smaller than those observed in animals not pretreated with MK-801 or AP5.

Study of oxidative stress in patients with advanced renal disease and undergoing either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

Oxidative stress (OS) is directly involved in the formation of atheroma plaque and has been shown to be present since the early stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD); however, the net role that dialytica techniques may play in OS process is yet to be determined. We studied three groups: hemodialysis (HD, n = 30), peritoneal dialysis (PD, n = 31), predialysis (pre-D, n = 32), and one control group (C, n = 67). Using highresolution liquid chromatography columns (HPLC), the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione oxidized/reduced ratio (GSSG/GSH), and nuclear, as well as mitochondrial 8-oxo-dG (8-oxo-dG mit) were measured in lymphocytes.

Role of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors and nitric oxide in the effects of flutriafol, a triazole fungicide, on the in vivo striatal dopamine release.

Flutriafol is a triazole fungicide that induces spontaneous and depolarization-stimulated release of dopamine from rat striatum, although the neurochemical mechanism by which this fungicide induces this effect is unknown. The purpose of the present work was to assess the implication of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors and nitric oxide (NO) production in the flutriafol-induced dopamine release from rat striatum. To this, we have used non-competitive antagonists of NMDA (dizocilpine, MK-801), and (AMPA)/kainate (6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, CNQX) receptors, or nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors (Nomega-nitro-L-arginine -L-NARG - and 7-nitro-indazol - 7-NI), to study the striatal dopamine release induced by flutriafol.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and clinical outcomes in patients with refractory congestive heart failure.

Introduction And Objectives: Peritoneal dialysis has been proposed as a therapeutic alternative for patients with refractory congestive heart failure. The objective of this study was to assess its effect on long-term clinical outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure and renal dysfunction.

Methods: A total of 62 patients with advanced heart failure (class III/IV), renal dysfunction (glomerular filtration<60 mL/min/1.