Complex network analysis techniques for the early detection of the outbreak of pandemics transmitted through air traffic.

Air transport has been identified as one of the primary means whereby COVID-19 spread throughout Europe during the early stages of the pandemic. In this paper we analyse two categories of methods - dynamic network markers (DNMs) and network analysis-based methods - as potential early warning signals for detecting and anticipating COVID-19 outbreaks in Europe on the basis of accuracy regarding the daily confirmed cases. The analysis was carried out from 15 February 2020, around two weeks before the first COVID-19 cases appeared in Europe, and 1 May 2020, approximately two weeks after all the air traffic in Europe had been shut down.

Multi-attribute analysis of trophic state and waterfowl management in Ringkøbing Fjord, Denmark.

A multi-attribute analysis by means of the general multi-attribute analysis (GMAA) decision support system was performed in order to rank different strategies for good water quality with respect to trophic state, and good conditions for waterfowl, in the lagoon Ringkøbing Fjord, Denmark. The remedial strategies included nutrient abatement and the construction of facilities to increase the water exchange between the lagoon and the sea. The analysis showed that it is essential to keep the mean annual salinity level constant, since a drastic change in salinity may cause massive destruction of the macrophyte belt with large effects on the water quality and waterfowl abundance.

Effect of body position on gas exchange after bronchoalveolar lavage.

Objective: To assess the possible influence of body position on oxygen saturation after bronchoscopy (BC) with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).

Design: Prospective, open, randomized study.

Setting: The respiratory unit of a first level, community hospital.

Multiple pulmonary nodules in a patient with Crohn's disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) can be associated with respiratory involvement. Multiple pulmonary nodules are an infrequent finding in patients with CD. When they are found, histology usually shows sterile necrobiotic nodules, which are spherical aggregates of neutrophils, which frequently cavitate.