Pre-test probability and likelihood ratios for clinical findings in canine leishmaniasis.

Canine leishmaniasis is a parasitic zoonosis mainly caused by L. infantum; an obligate intracellular protozoan transmitted by haematophagous insects of the genus Phlebotomus, which affects dogs and wild canids. The clinical implications of this disease are highly variable, since infected animals may remain asymptomatic (absence of observable clinical signs) or present a wide spectrum of clinical alterations and degrees of severity, including the death of the animal.

The Role of Histopathology as a Complementary Diagnostic Tool in the Monitoring of Bovine Tuberculosis.

The diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is based on the single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT), interferon gamma, and compulsory slaughter of reactor animals. Culture and PCR from fresh tissue are regarded as gold standard techniques for confirmation, with the former being time-consuming and presenting moderate to low sensitivity and the latter presenting promising results. Histopathology has the advantage to identify and categorize lesions in both reactor and non-reactor animals.

Real-Time PCR Validation for Complex Detection Targeting IS Directly From Bovine Lymph Nodes.

Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools, such as Real-Time PCR (qPCR), need to be implemented as a confirmatory test in the framework of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) surveillance and control programs, shortening the turnaround time to confirm bTB infection. The present study aimed to evaluate a direct qPCR from fresh tissue samples targeting the insertion sequence IS using individually homogenized bovine lymph nodes compared with microbiological culture. Retropharyngeal, tracheobronchial, and mesenteric lymph nodes fresh tissue samples ( = 687) were collected from 230 different cattle carcasses at the slaughterhouse.

Utility assessment of an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of subclinical cases of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminant flocks.

The actual prevalence of CLA (caseous lymphadenitis) in small ruminant flocks is underestimated in many countries, and because it is not a notifiable disease, it will continue to spread without data and information about its real economic impact. The difficulty in the accurate identification of the causative agent in internal subclinical cases allows the disease to spread within and between flocks. This research intends to assess the utility of an ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test in the detection of internal subclinical cases of CLA in farms and to simultaneously add data on the seroprevalence of the disease in Portugal.

Supplementing feed with reduces load in finishing pigs.

Background: Pigs are asymptomatic carriers of foodborne bacteria, such as and species, which can pose a risk to human health. New strategies to control bacteria burden before reaching the slaughterhouse are necessary. This study evaluated the effect of on performance parameters and on the burden of foodborne pathogens, that have subsequent implications on food quality and safety, in free-range finishing pigs at the slaughterhouse.

Antimicrobial activity of selected essential oils against Streptococcus suis isolated from pigs.

The inhibitory potential by contact and vapor of basil, cinnamon, clove, peppermint, oregano, rosemary, common thyme, and red thyme essential oils (EOs) against 20 strains of Streptococcus suis was determined by the disk diffusion test. The broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC) of the four selected oils. Furthermore, the bactericidal power (ratio MBC/MIC) was calculated.

Combination of Antimicrobials and Essential Oils as an Alternative for the Control of Salmonella enterica Multiresistant Strains Related to Foodborne Disease.

Due to the increase in bacterial resistance to antimicrobials (AMBs) commonly used in veterinary and human medicine, the new strategies for controlling zoonoses focus on the study of natural products with demonstrated AMB activity, such as essential oils (EOs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of the combination of enrofloxacin (ENR), ceftiofur (CEF), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) with cinnamon, clove, oregano, and red thyme EOs against multiple drug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each product was determined by microdilution and "Checkerboard" methods and their combined effect was evaluated against 15 strains of S.

Surgical delay as a risk factor for wound infection after a hip fracture.

Purpose: Analysis of significant risk factors for mortality and for medical and orthopaedic complications.

Patients And Methods: Observational study of a prospective consecutive cohort of 697 patients diagnosed of hip fracture from December 2012 to December 2014. Average age was 85±9years and 520 were female (75%).

Characterization of the immune response and evaluation of the protective capacity of rSsnA against Streptococcus suis infection in pigs.

The efforts made to develop vaccines against Streptococcus suis have failed because of lack of common antigens cross-reactive against different serotypes of this species. The cell wall-anchored proteins can be good vaccine candidates due to their high expression and accessibility to antibodies, among these, a cell-wall protein, DNA-nuclease (SsnA), present in most of the S. suis serotypes and clinical isolates collected from infected pigs, was selected.

Septicaemic pasteurellosis in free-range pigs associated with an unusual biovar 13 of Pasteurella multocida.

Biochemical profiles, PFGE typing and MLST analysis were used to investigate an outbreak of septicaemic pasteurellosis in a free-range pig farm in Spain. Signs of coughing, dyspnoea and a visible inflammation of the ventral area of the neck (jowl), which acquired a cyanotic and necrotic appearance, were the characteristic findings in affected animals, associated with a high morbidity (70%) and case mortality (95%). Diffuse, haemorrhagic and fibrinous pleuroneumonia and acute, focally extensive and haemorrhagic myositis and panniculitis were observed in the histopathological analysis from three analyzed animals.

Salmonella prevalence and characterization in a free-range pig processing plant: tracking in trucks, lairage, slaughter line and quartering.

New consumer tendencies are focused on products derived from systems which allow both a high animal welfare condition and a high food safety level. However, sometimes animal welfare regulations make the adoption of adequate bio-security measures difficult, representing a barrier for animal health and food safety. Thus the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella at different points of the pig slaughtering process (Trucks, Lairage, Slaughter line and Quartering, TLSQ) from pigs reared in free-range systems.

Comparison of two biochemical methods for identifying Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from sheep and goats.

The biochemical pattern of Cowan and Steel (BPCS) was compared with a commercial biochemical strip for the identification of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis isolated from small ruminants. On 16S rRNA gene sequencing, 40/78 coryneform isolates from the lymph nodes of sheep and goats with lesions resembling caseous lymphadenitis were identified as C. pseudotuberculosis.

Risk factors associated with the antimicrobial resistance of staphylococci in canine pyoderma.

This study reports the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of staphylococci (n=105) isolated from dogs, and the factors associated with this resistance. The study animals were 23 healthy dogs (group A), 24 with first-time pyoderma (group B), and 27 with recurrent pyoderma that had undergone long-term antibiotic treatment (group C). Staphylococci were more commonly isolated from the pyoderma-affected than the healthy dogs (p<0.

[Visfatin in obese patients, relation with cardiovascular risk factors, a cross sectional study].

Background And Objective: Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the relation of visfatin with insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk factors and anthropometry in obese patients without comorbidities.

Patients And Method: A population of 270 obese patients was analyzed in a prospective way.

Genetic and virulence-phenotype characterization of serotypes 2 and 9 of Streptococcus suis swine isolates.

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic characteristics and virulence phenotypes of Streptococcus suis, specifically, in clinical isolates of serotypes 2 and 9 (n = 195), obtained from diverse geographical areas across Spain. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing identified 97 genetic profiles, 68% of which were represented by single isolates, indicative of a substantial genetic diversity among the S. suis isolates analyzed.

An evaluation of the application of infrared thermal imaging to the tele-diagnosis of sarcoptic mange in the Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica).

The application of infrared thermal imaging to the diagnosis of sarcoptic mange in the wild Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica) was evaluated. Seventy-three ibexes (35 males, 38 females) of varying ages were studied. Each animal was observed using conventional binoculars (OT) to detect lesions characteristic of mange.