Furan and p-xylene as candidate biomarkers for prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed noncutaneous malignant tumor among males in the Western world. Prostate-specific antigen has been considered the most important biomarker for PCa detection; however, it lacks specificity, leading to the search for alternative biomarkers. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are released during cell metabolism and can be found in exhaled breath, urine, and other fluids.

Randomized clinical trial on antimicrobial prophylaxis for flexible urethrocystoscopy.

Objectives: One of the main drawbacks of flexible urethrocystoscopy is the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI). In order to reduce this risk, antimicrobial prophylaxis has been considered, however there is not a unanimous view regarding indications, dosage, type of antibiotic, and so on. To clarify this uncertainty, we practiced a pilot and experimental study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of chemoprophylaxis with 3 grams of fosfomycin trometamol in the prevention of UTI after urethrocystoscopy.

Meta-analysis of studies analyzing the role of human papillomavirus in the development of bladder carcinoma.

Purpose: We aimed to ascertain the degree of association between bladder cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

Materials And Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of observational studies with cases and controls with publication dates up to January 2011. The PubMed electronic database was searched by using the key words "bladder cancer and virus.