Retrospective Observational Study of Daytime Add-On Administration of Zopiclone to Difficult-to-Treat Psychiatric Inpatients With Unpredictable Aggressive Behavior, With or Without EEG Dysrhythmia.

Managing violent behavior is a particularly challenging aspect of hospital psychiatric care. Available pharmacological interventions are often unsatisfactory. To assess the effectiveness and safety of daytime zopiclone add-on administration in violent and difficult-to-treat psychiatric inpatients.

Low-dose ketamine does not improve the speed of recovery from depression in electroconvulsive therapy: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-established therapeutic intervention for major depressive disorder. Recent literature has shown that the anesthetic agent ketamine has some antidepressant properties at low doses and may be an alternative therapy for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. We hypothesized that the use of low-dose ketamine as an anesthetic adjunct in ECT would more rapidly improve depression while maintaining hemodynamic stability than ECT with propofol alone.

Schneider's first rank symptoms and continuous performance disturbance as indices of dysconnectivity of left- and right-hemispheric components of language in schizophrenia.

Background: Here we investigate pathophysiological dimensions (language disturbance, negative symptoms, lateralisation and the continuous performance test) in relation to ICD-10 and DSM-IV concepts of diagnosis.

Methods: A total of 32 consecutive psychotic patients with at least one Schneider's first rank symptom (SFRS), 15 depressed patients without SFRS and 17 normal volunteers were assessed with the Clinical Language Disorder Rating Scale (CLANG), SFRS, "pure defect" Huber's basic symptoms (HBS), handedness (Annett's pegboard task), and the A-X Continuous Performance Test (AX-CPT).

Results: CLANG total score (an index of severity of language disorder) was correlated with the severity of SFRS, a higher leftward shift of handedness, and poorer performance on AX-CPT.

Disintegration of the components of language as the path to a revision of Bleuler's and Schneider's concepts of schizophrenia. Linguistic disturbances compared with first-rank symptoms in acute psychosis.

Background: The 20th century ended without a resolution of the debate about the supremacy of Schneider's psychopathological conceptualisation of schizophrenia (the first-rank symptoms) over Bleuler's 'four As' (disorders of association and affect, ambivalence and autism).

Aims: To examine the relationships between linguistic deviations and symptoms in patients with acute psychosis.

Method: We assessed language disturbances and first-rank symptoms with the Clinical Language Disorder Rating Scale (CLANG) in 30 consecutive patients with acute psychosis, selected for the presence of at least one active first-rank symptom, and 15 control participants with depression but no psychotic symptoms.