Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria: The Threat from the Pink Corner.

Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is a formidable challenge in modern medicine [...

Molecular investigation of antimicrobial peptides against proteins using a peptide-protein docking approach.

The impact of resistance on patient's treatment failure is a major concern. Therefore, the development of novel or alternative therapies for is urgently needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular interactions of various antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to proteins.

Insights into the Microbiome and Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Hospital Environmental Surfaces: A Prime Source of Antimicrobial Resistance.

Hospital environmental surfaces are potential reservoirs for transmitting hospital-associated pathogens. This study aimed to profile microbiomes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from hospital environmental surfaces using 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic sequencing at a tertiary teaching hospital in Malaysia. Samples were collected from patient sinks and healthcare staff counters at surgery and orthopaedic wards.

The Effects of Tocotrienol on Gut Microbiota: A Scoping Review.

Gut dysbiosis has been associated with many chronic diseases, such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Gut dysbiosis triggers these diseases through the activation of the immune system by the endotoxins produced by gut microbiota, which leads to systemic inflammation. In addition to pre-/pro-/postbiotics, many natural products can restore healthy gut microbiota composition.

Molecular Epidemiology and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant MRSA ST398 and ST239 in Himachal Pradesh, India.

Aim: Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is a common cause of severe and difficult-to-treat infections in humans and animals. We aimed to identify the predominant lineages of methicillin-resistant in Himachal Pradesh, India, to understand the genomic epidemiology along with the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics.

Methods: We isolated 250 from two district hospitals in Himachal Pradesh, India.

The Potential of Alternative Therapies and Vaccine Candidates against .

Alternative therapies and vaccination are essential to combat the emergence of multidrug-resistant and to prevent the development of gastroduodenal diseases. This review aimed to systematically review recent studies on alternative therapies, i.e.

Multidrug-Resistant Strains: A Five-Year Surveillance Study and Its Genome Characteristics.

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant has undermined eradication strategies to prevent the development of gastric cancer. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of secondary antibiotic resistance of in urban multicultural areas in Malaysia.

Methods: From January 2017 to December 2021, gastric biopsies from 218 patients with a history of eradication failure were sent to our laboratory for antibiotic susceptibility testing.

The Roles of Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer: Anti-Cancer or Pro-Cancer?

Despite the fact that the incidence of gastric cancer has declined over the last decade, it is still the world's leading cause of cancer-related death. The diagnosis of early gastric cancer is difficult, as symptoms of this cancer only manifest at a late stage of cancer progression. Thus, the prognosis of gastric cancer is poor, and the current treatment for improving patients' outcomes involves the application of surgery and chemotherapy.

New insight on the role of Helicobacter pylori cagA in the expression of cell surface antigens with important biological functions in gastric carcinogenesis.

Background: Expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens changes according to disease status and inflammation. Profiles of CD antigens expression in gastric cancer patients are different based on the status of H. pylori infection.

The Role of Antimicrobial Peptides as Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Agents in Tackling the Silent Pandemic of Antimicrobial Resistance.

Just over a million people died globally in 2019 due to antibiotic resistance caused by ESKAPE pathogens (, , , , , and species). The World Health Organization (WHO) also lists antibiotic-resistant and as bacteria that pose the greatest threat to human health. As it is becoming increasingly difficult to discover new antibiotics, new alternatives are needed to solve the crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Development and Validation of Multiplex Quantitative PCR Assay for Detection of and Mutations Conferring Resistance to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin in Gastric Biopsy.

Aims And Objectives: More than half of the world's population is infected with , which can cause chronic gastritis. WHO has regarded clarithromycin-resistant as a high priority pathogen. Hence, accurate diagnosis and detection of clarithromycin- and levofloxacin-resistant strains is essential for proper management of infection.

The Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review on the Trends and Intervention Strategies Using Antimicrobial Peptides.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant poses a public healthcare threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Recently, the World Health Organization has classified clarithromycin-resistant as high priority in the research and discovery of novel antibiotics. This study was aimed to systematically review the prevalence of primary antibiotic resistance in in Southeast Asian countries (SEAC) and to review current studies of antimicrobial peptides against .

The Skeletal Effects of Short-Term Triple Therapy in a Rat Model of Gastric Ulcer Induced by Infection.

Purpose: Triple therapy is the standard therapy to eradicate infection. Chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a component of triple therapy, is associated with osteoporosis. However, the skeletal effects of short-term triple therapy containing PPI remain elusive.

The heterogeneic distribution of Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island reflects different pathologies in multiracial Malaysian population.

Background: Helicobacter pylori harbouring cag-pathogenicity island (cagPAI) which encodes type IV secretion system (T4SS) and cagA virulence gene are involved in inflammation of the gastric mucosa. We examined all the 27 cagPAI genes in 88 H. pylori isolates from patients of different ethnicities and examined the association of the intactness of cagPAI region with histopathological scores of the gastric mucosa.

Advantages and Limitations of 16S rRNA Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Identification in the Diagnostic Microbiology Laboratory: Perspectives from a Middle-Income Country.

Bacterial culture and biochemical testing (CBtest) have been the cornerstone of pathogen identification in the diagnostic microbiology laboratory. With the advent of Sanger sequencing and later, next-generation sequencing, 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing (16SNGS) has been proposed to be a plausible platform for this purpose. Nevertheless, usage of the 16SNGS platform has both advantages and limitations.

Infection and Gastric Microbiota.

Unlabelled: Owing to its strong acid production, the stomach was known to be a bacteria-free organ for many years. On the other hand, the presence of () and other acid-resistant microbiota that are to persist in the stomach challenged this. It is now recognized that the existence of and non- species have been linked to the improvement of gastric disease; despite this, there is little published data on the interaction of gastric bacterial flora and the resultant effect on gastric health.

Epidemiology and role of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors in gastric cancer carcinogenesis.

Infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with the development of gastric cancer. Although the prevalence of gastric cancer has declined throughout years due to improvement in early screening strategy, mortality due to gastric cancer has not changed. Incidence and mortality due to gastric cancer are higher in developing countries as compared to developed countries.

Genetic diversity and virulence characteristics of Helicobacter pylori isolates in different human ethnic groups.

Helicobacter pylori is the most predominant bacterium in almost 50% of the world's population and colonization causes a persistent inflammatory response leading to chronic gastritis. It shows high genetic diversity and individuals generally harbour a distinct bacterial population. With the advancement of whole-genome sequencing technology, new H.

Molecular characterization and prevalence of antibiotic resistance in isolates in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Aims And Objectives: has been classified as high priority pathogen by the WHO in 2017. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains is one of the main causes of treatment failure in infection. This study determined and characterized primary and secondary resistances in in Malaysia.

Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Risk Factors of Infection in Children.

infection is a global public health problem associated with some gastrointestinal diseases in children, especially in developing countries, since prevalence of is low in the developed world. Both noninvasive (stool antigen test, urea breath test, and blood test) and invasive (histology, rapid urease test, and microbiological culture) tests have been utilized to detect infection. However, a single test is not reliable enough and does not provide accurate enough data to determine infection among children.

Multiplex PCR for detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric biopsies with lower inflammatory score.

Background: No gold standard has yet been established for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was developed in this study for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of H.

Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms and Genetic Diversity of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated from a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii has increasingly emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance profiles and genetic diversity in A. baumannii clinical isolates in a tertiary medical center in Malaysia.

Screening for New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 in Enterobacteriaceae: Is there a role for the modified Hodge test?

Objective: The New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) enzyme is a plasmid-encoded enzyme that inactivates carbapenem antibiotics. This study aims to ascertain if the modified Hodge test (MHT) has a role in screening for NDM-1 in Enterobacteriaceae with reduced carbapenem susceptibility.

Methods: Over a period of one year, all Enterobacteriaceae isolates from all clinical specimens with reduced susceptibility to at least one carbapenem were subjected to MHT and conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of the NDM-1 gene.

Surface Antigen Profiling of Helicobacter pylori-Infected and -Uninfected Gastric Cancer Cells Using Antibody Microarray.

Background: Comprehensive immunophenotyping cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens in gastric adenocarcinoma, specifically between Helicobacter pylori-infected and -uninfected gastric cancer patients by using DotScan(™) antibody microarray has not been conducted. Current immunophenotyping techniques include flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry are limited to the use of few antibodies for parallel examination. We used DotScan(™) antibody microarray consisting 144 CD antibodies to determine the distribution of CD antigens in gastric adenocarcinoma cells and to elucidate the effect of H.

Molecular detection of the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 gene in Enterobacteriaceae isolates in a tertiary medical centre.

Background: New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is a relatively recent carbapenemase enzyme that inactivates all β-lactam antibiotics with the exception of aztreonam. This study aims to ascertain the baseline prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a tertiary medical center in Malaysia.

Methods: Over a period of one year, all Enterobacteriaceae isolates from all clinical specimens with reduced susceptibility to at least one carbapenem and resistance to at least one third generation cephalosporin were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion and molecular detection of the NDM-1 gene by single-target PCR followed by gel electrophoresis.