An NLR paralog Pit2 generated from tandem duplication of Pit1 fine-tunes Pit1 localization and function.

NLR family proteins act as intracellular receptors. Gene duplication amplifies the number of NLR genes, and subsequent mutations occasionally provide modifications to the second gene that benefits immunity. However, evolutionary processes after gene duplication and functional relationships between duplicated NLRs remain largely unclear.

Seed Halopriming: A Promising Strategy to Induce Salt Tolerance in Indonesian Pigmented Rice.

Unfavorable environmental conditions and climate change impose stress on plants, causing yield losses worldwide. The Indonesian pigmented rice ( L.) cultivars Cempo Ireng Pendek (black rice) and Merah Kalimantan Selatan (red rice) are becoming popular functional foods due to their high anthocyanin contents and have great potential for widespread cultivation.

Identification and characterization of drought-tolerant local pigmented rice from Indonesia.

Water is essential to support life. Because limited water availability may affect their life cycles, plants have developed multiple responses to drought stress. Plant physiological and metabolic changes during drought may reflect changes that occur at the level of gene expression.