Spatial analysis of vaccine coverage in children under the age of 1 year by mesoregions in Paraíba a northeastern Brazilian state.

Immunization is one of the most effective measures in public health, and it is responsible for the reduction of vaccine-preventable diseases. In the present study, vaccine coverage (VC) and the spatial dynamics of homogeneity of VC (HVC) were compared and analyzed in the terms of the immunobiologicals administered to children aged < 1 year in a state in Paraíba, Brazil. This is a mixed ecological study that used public-domain secondary data from the years 2016 and 2017 from the Information System of the Brazilian National Immunization Program (SI-PNI) and the Brazilian National Information System of Live Births (SINASC).

Spatial analysis of measles vaccination coverage in the State of São Paulo.

Background: Measles is a contagious viral disease that seriously affects children. The measles vaccine is widely recommended in Brazil and in the world; however, the disease remains relevant for the health authorities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate first and second dose of measles vaccine coverage (VC) in the cities of São Paulo and its spatial dynamics between 2015 and 2020.

Spatial analysis of vaccine coverage on the first year of life in the northeast of Brazil.

Background: Over time, vaccination has been consolidated as one of the most cost effective and successful public health interventions and a right of every human being. This study aimed to assess the spatial dynamics of the vaccine coverage (VC) rate of children aged < 1 year per municipality in the Brazilian Northeast at 2016 and 2017.

Methods: This is a mixed-type ecological study that use a Public domain data Health Information.

Self-reported prevalence of asthma symptoms in adults living in a port city.

Air pollution is a worldwide health problem, and exposure to the pollution can cause damage to the human body, especially to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Asthma is the third most common chronic disease in Brazil, presenting high prevalence in some areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the self-report the prevalence of asthma symptoms in Santos city, Brazil, and its associated factors in the adult population (between 18 and 59 years old).

Air pollution influence on serum inflammatory interleukins: A prospective study in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous patients.

Objective: To assess the effect of individual exposure, in real-time, to traffic-related pollutants on serum interleukin levels of childhood-onset lupus erythematous systemic (c-SLE) patients.

Methods: A longitudinal and observational design was conducted in 12 repeated measures of serum samples and clinical evaluations (totaling 108 measurements) of c-SLE patients over 30 consecutive months. Real-time, individual exposure to fine particles (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) was measured with portable monitors.

Association between high-risk pregnancy and environmental contaminants in the Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista, Brazil.

The Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista (MRBS) is a highly contaminated area. High-risk pregnancy is one factor that leads to a higher chance of both morbidity and mortality of the mother-fetus binomial. The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between exposure to environmental contaminants and high-risk pregnancy.

Environmental air pollution: respiratory effects.

Environmental air pollution is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Environmental air pollution has a direct impact on human health, being responsible for an increase in the incidence of and number of deaths due to cardiopulmonary, neoplastic, and metabolic diseases; it also contributes to global warming and the consequent climate change associated with extreme events and environmental imbalances. In this review, we present articles that show the impact that exposure to different sources and types of air pollutants has on the respiratory system; we present the acute effects-such as increases in symptoms and in the number of emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and deaths-and the chronic effects-such as increases in the incidence of asthma, COPD, and lung cancer, as well as a rapid decline in lung function.

Atmospheric Occurrence of Organochlorine Pesticides and Inhalation Cancer Risk in Urban Areas at Southeast Brazil.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been produced for almost a century and some of them are still used, even after they have been proved to be toxic, persistent, bioaccumulative and prone to long-range transport. Brazil has used and produced pesticides in industrial scales for both agricultural and public health purposes. Urban and industrial regions are of special concern due to their high population density and their increased exposure to chemical pollution, many times enhanced by chemical production, application or irregular dumping.

Influence of air pollution on renal activity in patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is an autoimmune and multifactorial disease that can affect the renal system. Exposure to air pollution can trigger systemic inflammation in cSLE patients and increase risk of disease activity. We evaluated effects of individual real-time exposure to air pollutants on renal activity in cSLE patients using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000.

Breast cancer in the Baixada Santista region and its relationship to contaminated areas.

The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal distribution of breast cancer and its relationship with contaminated areas in the Baixada Santista metropolitan region, São Paulo. It is an ecological study on the distribution of breast cancer in the municipalities of the region as well as in regions exposed to environmental contaminants. The population consisted of women aged 20 years and over, totaling 3233 cases in the 12 years of the study.

Relationship between air pollution and hospitalizations for congestive heart failure in elderly people in the city of São Paulo.

To evaluate the effects of air pollutants on hospitalizations of elderly people for congestive heart failure (CHF) in the city of São Paulo, stratified by sex, exploring lag structures, from 2000 to 2013. Ecological time series study using information on hospitalization of elderly patients for CHF (ICD-10th: I50) obtained from DATASUS for the city of São Paulo. Information on O, PM, NO, SO, CO, temperature and humidity was obtained from CETESB.

Use of health services by the population living in contaminated areas in the region of the Santos and São Vicente estuarine system, Brazil.

To relate the socio-demographic profile with access to health services of the population living in environmentally degraded areas in an estuary region. A sectional field study of 8819 people, evaluating three contaminated areas of São Vicente. Households were divided by studied area.

Exposure to fine particles increases blood pressure of hypertensive outdoor workers: A panel study.

Background: Hypertension and air pollution are two important risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although several studies suggest that air pollution has a significant impact on blood pressure, studies on long-term effects are sparse and still controversial.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of exposure of outdoor workers to different levels of traffic-generated PM on blood pressure.

Evaluation of peak expiratory flow in adolescents and its association with inhalable particulate in a Brazilian medium-sized city.

Introduction: High particulate matter (PM10) concentrations are associated with increased incidence of respiratory symptoms and decreased lung function. This study evaluates the air pollution effects in children's and adolescents' lung function using peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements over a given period, in an area exposed to industrial emissions.

Methodology: This was a panel study.

Risk Factors Associated with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Air Pollution from Pregnancy to Disease Diagnosis.

Objective: To evaluate exposure to environmental factors inhaled during pregnancy and after birth until juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) diagnosis among residents of a large city.

Methods: This is an exploratory case-control study that consists of 66 patients with JIA and 124 healthy controls matched by age and sex, living in the São Paulo, Brazil, metropolitan area until JIA diagnosis, and whose mothers had resided in this region during pregnancy. A structured and reliable questionnaire (κ index for test-retest was 0.

Influence of air pollution on airway inflammation and disease activity in childhood-systemic lupus erythematosus.

Exposure to fine particles may trigger pulmonary inflammation/systemic inflammation. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between daily individual exposure to air pollutants and airway inflammation and disease activity in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) patients. A longitudinal panel study was carried out in 108 consecutive appointments with cSLE patients without respiratory diseases.

Air pollution and low birth weight in an industrialized city in Southeastern Brazil, 2003-2006.

Introduction:: Birth weight is an important indicator of several conditions that manifest earlier (as fetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, inhibited growth and cognitive development) and later in life such as chronic diseases. Air pollution has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Objective:: Retrospective cohort study investigated the association between low birth weight (LBW) and maternal exposure to air pollutants in Volta Redonda city, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2003 to 2006.

Dental enamel as biomarker for environmental contaminants in relevant industrialized estuary areas in São Paulo, Brazil.

Heavy metal contamination is a long-standing and very well-known public health problem, and its exposure can cause damage to several organs of human body, especially on the central nervous system of young children and teenagers. The aim of this article is to evaluate lead, cadmium, and manganese contamination in 125 children from 6 to 13 years old living in contaminated areas during the period from 2006 to 2009 (São Vicente, Cubatão Downtown, Bertioga and Cubatão Pilões/Água Fria). This estuary area is the most important example of environmental degradation by chemicals from industrial sources.

Effects of air pollution caused by sugarcane burning in Western São Paulo on the cardiovascular system.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of acute exposure to air pollutants (NO2 and PM10) on hospitalization of adults and older people with cardiovascular diseases in Western São Paulo.

Methods: Daily cardiovascular-related hospitalization data (CID10 - I00 to I99) were acquired by the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System (DATASUS) from January 2009 to December 2012. Daily levels of NO2 and PM10 and weather data were obtained from Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB - São Paulo State Environmental Agency).

Association between Traffic Air Pollution and Reduced Forced Vital Capacity: A Study Using Personal Monitors for Outdoor Workers.

Background: The effects of outdoor air pollution on lung function in adults are still controversial.

Objective: Evaluate the effects of exposure to different levels of traffic-generated PM2.5 on workers' lung functions in São Paulo, Brazil.

Ozone decreases sperm quality in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Objective: To investigate the deleterious effects of air pollutants exposure in the Sao Paulo metropolitan region on semen quality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: A seven-years longitudinal repeated-measures panel study was performed at the Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution and Rheumatology Division. Two semen samples from 28 post-pubertal SLE patients were analyzed.

A randomized, controlled, crossover study in patients with mild and moderate asthma undergoing treatment with traditional Chinese acupuncture.

Objectives: This study sought to verify the effects of acupuncture as an adjuvant treatment for the control of asthma.

Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, crossover trial conducted at the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. A total of 74 patients with mild/moderate, persistent asthma were randomized into two therapeutic groups: Group A - 31 patients underwent 10 real weekly acupuncture sessions, followed by a 3-week washout period and 10 sham weekly acupuncture sessions; and Group B - 43 patients underwent 10 sham weekly acupuncture sessions, followed by a 3-week washout period and 10 real weekly acupuncture sessions.

Influence of environmental contamination on pregnancy outcomes.

This study aims to compare pregnancy outcomes in four contaminated areas to those observed in a non-contaminated area of similar socioeconomic status. A cross-sectional study was carried out. A structured and pre-tested questionnaire was administered to population-based samples of 788-920 families in each of the five studied areas.

Air pollution and children's health: sickle cell disease.

The hallmarks of sickle cell disease are anemia and vasculopathy. The aim of this study was to assess the association between air pollution and children's emergency room visits of sickle cell patients. We adopted a case-crossover design.