Let It Grow: The Role of Growth Factors in Managing Chemotherapy-Induced Cytopenia.

Chemotherapy-induced cytopenia (CIC) is characterized by neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, which are common and serious complications in cancer treatment. These conditions affect approximately 60% of patients undergoing chemotherapy and can significantly impact quality of life, treatment continuity, and overall survival. The use of growth factors, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (GCSFs), erythropoietin-stimulating agents (ESAs), and thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs), has emerged as a promising strategy for managing CIC.

Novel Chitosan-Gelatin Scaffold with Valproic Acid Augments In Vitro Osteoblast Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

The study aimed to develop a biodegradable scaffold incorporating valproic acid (VPA) for improved human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) proliferation, differentiation, and bone mineral synthesis. A chitosan-gelatin (CH-G) scaffold was fabricated and loaded with varying concentrations of VPA (1, 3, 5 mM/L). In vitro studies assessed drug release, cell proliferation, morphology, mineralization, and gene expression.

Discontinuation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy and Treatment Free Remission (TFR) in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Successful Achievement of TFR in More Than Two-Third of Patients in a Real-World Practice.

Background: Discontinuation of TKI therapy and treatment-free remission (TFR) have become new goals for chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML). The aim of this study was to estimate the TFR post discontinuation of TKI therapy at 3 tertiary-care centers.

Patients And Methods: CP-CML patients aged ≥16 years who had an attempt to discontinue TKI therapy till June 2022, were eligible.

Unraveling the Rare Entity of D816V-Negative Systemic Mastocytosis.

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a rare type of myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by abnormal proliferation and infiltration of different tissue by clonal mast cells. The uncontrolled proliferation and activation of mast cells trigger the release of vasoactive and inflammatory mediators, resulting in a cascade of systemic symptoms. Around 95% of SM arise from a gain-of-function mutation at the gene, specifically at codon 816, which highlights its essential role in SM and makes it an attractive target for therapy.

Azacitidine induced lung injury: report and contemporary discussion on diagnosis and management.

Azacitidine, a hypomethylating agent, has caused a paradigm shift in the outcomes of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are not eligible for stem cell transplantation, particularly in combination with BCL2 and IDH inhibitors. Azacitidine and Azacitidine-based combinations have been widely considered a safe low-intensity therapy when compared to traditional conventional treatments. The development of lung toxicity from azacitidine is not a well-characterized adverse event.

Single-Cell CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Secretome Profiling Reveals Temporal and Niche Differences in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Following Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy.

Unlabelled: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy of the blood primarily treated with intensive chemotherapy. The allogeneic T-cell antileukemic activity via donor lymphocyte infusions and stem cell transplantation suggests a potential role for checkpoint blockade therapy in AML. While clinical trials employing these treatments have fallen short of expected results, a deeper exploration into the functional states of T cells in AML could bridge this knowledge gap.

Liraglutide attenuates obese-associated breast cancer cell proliferation via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

This study aims to explore the anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-migration activities of liraglutide (LGT) in MCF-7 breast cancer (BC) cells in subjects with obesity, particularly its effects on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/AMPK pathway. The role of AMPK/SIRT-1, an essential regulator of adipokine production, in the effect of LGT on the production of adipose-derived adipokine was also assessed. MCF-7 cells were incubated in conditioned medium (CM) generated from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) of obese subjects.

Myeloablative Haploidentical Donor Hematopoietic Transplantation Using Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide and Antithymocyte Globulin.

Haploidentical donor (haplo-) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is now performed on a large scale worldwide. Our patient outcomes did not completely reflect the results published by other groups. We herein present the results of 60 patients with hematologic malignancies treated homogeneously on a modified version of the standard protocol by adding ATG as an additional graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis measure.

Comparison of the Protective Effects of Nebivolol and Metoprolol against LPS-Induced Injury in H9c2 Cardiomyoblasts.

Here, we, for the first time, compared the cardioprotective effects of third-generation vasodilating beta-blocker nebivolol (Neb) and conventional beta-blocker metoprolol (Met) on LPS-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Our findings denoted that Neb and Met pretreatment diminish LPS-mediated cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. Concomitantly, LPS-triggered inflammatory cytokines activation was significantly suppressed by Neb but not by Met.

Incidence and risk factors for secondary graft failure in uniformly treated patients with severe aplastic anemia receiving fludarabine and cyclophosphamide for conditioning and matched sibling bone marrow graft as stem cell source.

Background Aims: Graft failure after allogeneic transplant for aplastic anemia is problematic. The risk of graft failure depends on multiple variables, including the preparative regimen, donor type, stem cell dose and source among other variables.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with aplastic anemia who underwent matched-sibling allogeneic transplant at a single center.

Transient downregulation of NR4A1 leads to impaired osteoblast differentiation through the TGF-ß pathway, and Elesclomol (STA-4783) rescues this phenotype.

Bone formation is regulated by numerous factors, such as transcription factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix molecules. Human hormone nuclear receptors (hHNR) are a family of ligand-regulated transcription factors that are activated by steroid hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, and various lipid-soluble signals, including retinoic acid, oxysterols, and thyroid hormone. We found that an hHNR called NR4A1 was the most highly expressed after human MSC differentiation into osteoblasts by whole-genome microarray.

Inhibition of GSK-3β Enhances Osteoblast Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Wnt Signalling Overexpressing Runx2.

Small-molecule-inhibitor-based bone differentiation has been recently exploited as a novel approach to regulating osteogenesis-related signaling pathways. In this study, we identified 1-Azakenpaullone, a highly selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), as a powerful inducer of osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). GSK-3β is a serine-threonine protein kinase that plays a major role in different disease development.

"Incidence and significance of donor-specific antibodies in haploidentical stem cell transplantation".

PGF is a devastating complication after allogeneic transplant. We retrospectively analyzed our haploidentical transplant registry to report the incidence and impact of DSA and anti-HLA on engraftment. 107 patients were identified.

Improved survival of adolescents and young adults patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Aim: The outcome of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has improved with the use of pediatric-inspired protocols in the adolescents and young adults (AYA) population. There is limited literature regarding the outcome of T-ALL/lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) AYA patients treated with pediatric protocols.

Methods: A total of 35 T-ALL/LBL-AYA patients ages between 14 and 55 years were treated with AYA-15 protocol.

Deferent Anatomical Presentations of Iliolumbar Ligament: A Cadaveric Study.

This work was carried out to describe the detailed gross anatomy of the iliolumbar ligaments in human cadavers and to shed more light on these disputes regarding the configuration and direction of these ligaments. Twenty partially dissected human formalin-preserved cadavers originating from North America and Europe were investigated in this study. Blunt dissection was made through the ventral and dorsal aspects of the pelvic area of the cadavers.

De novo lymphoid blastic phase chronic myeloid leukemia: report and contemporary discussion.

Objective: We herein describe two cases of de novo lymphoid blastic transformation in patients with no history of chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML), both of whom were labeled initially as Philadelphia positive B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL).

Methods: The first patient was an 18-year-old male who presented with subjective fever, intentional weight loss, generalized fatigue, and headache. Investigations showed leukocytosis (312 × 10^3/ul), thrombocytopenia and anemia.

Pneumonitis after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), combined with hypomethylating agents, can be used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but this strategy results in a high rate of pneumonitis. The authors sought to determine risk factors for pneumonitis development and whether pneumonitis increased mortality.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective review of 258 AML patients who received ICI-containing regimens from 2016 to 2018.

Anoctamin 1 and c-Kit immunohistochemical study of interstitial cells of Cajal in the muscularis externa of human gastrointestinal tract.

Background: Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are widely distributed in human gastrointestinal (GI) tract, especially in the layer of muscularis externa between neurons and smooth muscles. They play a very important role of coordination of GI tract motility. The aims of this research were to study the morphology and distribution of ICC in the muscularis externa of the GI tract, using immunohistochemistry staining methods, to determine the distribution of immune reactivity of anoctamin 1 (Ano1) compared with c-Kit, and to determine if Ano1 is a reliable marker for ICC in human GI tract.