[Prognostic factors for survival in children with cancer and febrile neutropenia].

Unlabelled: Cancer remains one of the most important diseases in public health.

Objective: To estimate 5-year survival in pediatric cancer patients affected by FN, according to clinical-demographic variables.

Patients And Method: Survival, prognostic, and analytical study with historical cohort.

Final Results of RIGHT Choice: Ribociclib Plus Endocrine Therapy Versus Combination Chemotherapy in Premenopausal Women With Clinically Aggressive Hormone Receptor-Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer.

Purpose: A head-to-head comparison of efficacy between a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor plus endocrine therapy (ET) versus combination chemotherapy (CT) has never been reported in patients with clinically aggressive hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC).

Methods: In this open-label, multicenter, randomized phase II trial, pre/perimenopausal women with clinically aggressive HR+/HER2- ABC were randomly assigned 1:1 to first-line ribociclib (600 mg once daily; 3 weeks on, 1 week off) plus letrozole/anastrozole and goserelin or investigator's choice of combination CT (docetaxel plus capecitabine, paclitaxel plus gemcitabine, or capecitabine plus vinorelbine). The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS).

Early detection of interstitial lung disease in rheumatic diseases: A joint statement from the Portuguese Pulmonology Society, the Portuguese Rheumatology Society, and the Portuguese Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Society.

Introduction: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality in connective tissue disease (CTD). Early detection and accurate diagnosis are essential for informing treatment decisions and prognosis in this setting. Clear guidance on CTD-ILD screening, however, is lacking.

Ambient nitrogen dioxide in 47 187 neighbourhoods across 326 cities in eight Latin American countries: population exposures and associations with urban features.

Background: Health research on ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO) is sparse in Latin America, despite the high prevalence of NO-associated respiratory diseases in the region. This study describes within-city distributions of ambient NO concentrations at high spatial resolution and urban characteristics associated with neighbourhood ambient NO in 326 Latin American cities.

Methods: We aggregated estimates of annual surface NO at 1 km spatial resolution for 2019, population counts, and urban characteristics compiled by the SALURBAL project to the neighbourhood level (ie, census tracts).

Ambient nitrogen dioxide in 47,187 neighborhoods across 326 cities in eight Latin American countries: population exposures and associations with urban features.

Background: Health research on ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO) is sparse in Latin America, despite the high prevalence of NO-associated respiratory diseases in the region. This study describes within-city distributions of ambient NO concentrations at high spatial resolution and urban characteristics associated with neighborhood ambient NO in 326 Latin American cities.

Methods: We aggregated estimates of annual surface NO at 1 km spatial resolution for 2019, population counts, and urban characteristics compiled by the SALURBAL project to the neighborhood level (i.

Diagnosis of Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Is There a Role for Biomarkers?

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a complex interstitial lung syndrome and is associated with significant morbimortality, particularly for fibrotic disease. This condition is characterized by sensitization to a specific antigen, whose early identification is associated with improved outcomes. Biomarkers measure objectively biologic processes and may support clinical decisions.

COVID-19 in patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: a European multicentre study.

https://bit.ly/3M0wKnZ.

Grassland ecosystem type drives AM fungal diversity and functional guild distribution in North American grasslands.

Nutrient exchange forms the basis of the ancient symbiotic relationship that occurs between most land plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Plants provide carbon (C) to AM fungi and fungi provide the plant with nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P). Nutrient addition can alter this symbiotic coupling in key ways, such as reducing AM fungal root colonization and changing the AM fungal community composition.

Aging and self-reported health in 114 Latin American cities: gender and socio-economic inequalities.

Background: Understanding how urban environments influence people's health, especially as individuals age, can help identify ways to improve health in the rapidly urbanizing and rapidly aging populations.

Objectives: To investigate the association between age and self-reported health (SRH) in adults living in Latin-American cities and whether gender and city-level socioeconomic characteristics modify this association.

Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of 71,541 adults aged 25-97 years, from 114 cities in 6 countries (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, El Salvador, and Guatemala), as part of the Salud Urbana en America Latina (SALURBAL) Project.

Engineering Citrobacter freundii using CRISPR/Cas9 system.

The CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated proteins) system is a useful tool to edit genomes quickly and efficiently. However, the use of CRISPR/Cas9 to edit bacterial genomes has been limited to select microbial chassis primarily used for bioproduction of high value products. Thus, expansion of CRISPR/Cas9 tools to other microbial organisms is needed.

Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Cities of Chile: Magnitude, Inequalities, and Urban Determinants.

We estimated excess mortality in Chilean cities during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with city-level factors. We used mortality, and social and built environment data from the SALURBAL study for 21 Chilean cities, composed of 81 municipalities or "comunas", grouped in 4 macroregions. We estimated excess mortality by comparing deaths from January 2020 up to June 2021 vs 2016-2019, using a generalized additive model.

The Effect of Vaccine Hesitancy on Racial and Ethnic Minority Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has ravaged the world, with numerous cases disproportionally attributed to the United States due to vaccine hesitancy. One vulnerable group that has been affected by vaccine hesitancy is the pediatric population, particularly those in racial and ethnic minority groups. To improve health outcomes and vaccination rates, we must first understand the factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy and its subsequent influence on the pediatric population.

Engineered Cell Line Imaging Assay Differentiates Pathogenic from Non-Pathogenic Bacteria.

Cell culture systems have greatly expanded our understanding of how bacterial pathogens target signaling pathways to manipulate the host and cause infection. Advances in genetic engineering have allowed for the creation of fluorescent protein readouts within signaling pathways, but these techniques have been underutilized in pathogen biology. Here, we genetically engineered a lung cell line with fluorescent reporters for extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and the downstream transcription factor FOS-related antigen 1 (Fra1) and evaluated signaling after inoculation with pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria.

Epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases and their progressive-fibrosing behaviour in six European countries.

The PERSEIDS study aimed to estimate incidence/prevalence of interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (F-ILDs), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), systemic sclerosis-associated ILD (SSc-ILD), other non-IPF F-ILDs and their progressive-fibrosing (PF) forms in six European countries, as current data are scarce. This retrospective, two-phase study used aggregate data (2014-2018). In Phase 1, incident/prevalent cases of ILDs above were identified from clinical databases through an algorithm based on codes/keywords, and incidence/prevalence was estimated.

Granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease: an international research prioritisation.

https://bit.ly/3nVuzti.

Scaling of mortality in 742 metropolitan areas of the Americas.

We explored how mortality scales with city population size using vital registration and population data from 742 cities in 10 Latin American countries and the United States. We found that more populated cities had lower mortality (sublinear scaling), driven by a sublinear pattern in U.S.

Gender disparities in access to care for time-sensitive conditions during COVID-19 pandemic in Chile.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, reductions in healthcare utilization are reported in different contexts. Nevertheless, studies have not explored specifically gender disparities in access to healthcare in the context of COVID-19.

Methods: To evaluate gender disparities in access to medical in Chile we conducted an interrupted time series analysis using segmented regression.