Molecular epidemiology and associated risk factors of Anaplasma marginale in camels and possible co-infections.

Anaplasma spp. is an important pathogen that affects a wide range of animals, including camels. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of six Anaplasma spp.

Use of nanoparticles, a modern means of drug delivery, against cryptosporidiosis.

is a primary cause of waterborne epidemics, despite being previously considered only an opportunistic pathogen. The disease is associated with significant economic losses in humans and animals that are brought on by diarrhea, which frequently causes dehydration. Contact with diseased people or animals, as well as polluted water, is the major cause of infection.

SASLT guidelines: Update in treatment of hepatitis C virus infection, 2024.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been a major global health concern, with a significant impact on public health. In recent years, there have been remarkable advancements in our understanding of HCV and the development of novel therapeutic agents. The Saudi Society for the Study of Liver Disease and Transplantation formed a working group to develop HCV practice guidelines in Saudi Arabia.

The Association Between MTHFR C677T Gene Polymorphism and Repeated Pregnancy Loss in Arabic Countries: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The role of MTHFR C677T polymorphism in repeated pregnancy loss (RPL) among different populations has been studied with inconsistent results. The study objective was to determine the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphisms and RPL among Arab women. The review included all the available studies investigating the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and RPL from 2000 until now.

Molecular prevalence, associated risk factors and genetic characterization of Trypanosoma evansi in camels.

Surra is a major infectious disease of camels being caused by Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) in developing countries, including Egypt. However, the identification of changes in the T.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of from falcons in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: This study aimed to inspect the occurrence of () in falcons from the central area of Saudi Arabia.

Materials And Methods: Blood samples from 100 falcons species, including 55 , 22 , 13 and 10 , were collected from November 2018 to April 2019 and examined for by microscopic examination and nested PCR, targeting a cytochrome b () gene.

Results: The prevalence was 1% by microscopic examination.

The emergence of in falcons in Central Saudi Arabia.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the occurrence of in falcons from the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Materials And Methods: Fecal samples ( = 149) from 149 healthy falcons including 56 saker falcons , 13 lanner falcons (, 18 peregrine falcons , 40 Barbary falcons , and 22 gyrfalcons ( were collected between October 2018 and May 2019. The fecal samples were examined for the presence of C.

A tool to measure the economic impact of Hepatitis B elimination: A case study in Saudi Arabia.

Background: No virologic cure exists for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and existing therapies are designed to control viral replication. We aimed to estimate the national prevalence of HBsAg in 2017 and study the impact of an enhanced diagnosis rate and universal treatment administration on HBV-related outcomes in Saudi Arabia.

Materials And Methods: A dynamic transmission and disease burden model was developed to estimate the future economic burden of HBV infection.

Greater prevalence of comorbidities with increasing age: Cross-sectional analysis of chronic hepatitis B patients in Saudi Arabia.

Background/aims: Middle Eastern countries, including Saudi Arabia to some extent, are endemic for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection which could be associated with high mortality and comorbidities risk. However, limited data characterizing this CHB population exists. Our aim was to characterize and compare CHB patients in 2015 with those in 2010 and 2012 in Saudi Arabia.

Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus infection disease burden - volume 3.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic was forecasted through 2030 for 15 countries in Europe, the Middle East and Asia, and the relative impact of two scenarios was considered: increased treatment efficacy while holding the annual number of treated patients constant and increased treatment efficacy and an increased annual number of treated patients. Increasing levels of diagnosis and treatment, in combination with improved treatment efficacy, were critical for achieving substantial reductions in disease burden. A 90% reduction in total HCV infections within 15 years is feasible in most countries studied, but it required a coordinated effort to introduce harm reduction programmes to reduce new infections, screening to identify those already infected and treatment with high cure rate therapies.

The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus infections with today's treatment paradigm - volume 3.

The total number, morbidity and mortality attributed to viraemic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections change over time making it difficult to compare reported estimates from different years. Models were developed for 15 countries to quantify and characterize the viraemic population and forecast the changes in the infected population and the corresponding disease burden from 2014 to 2030. With the exception of Iceland, Iran, Latvia and Pakistan, the total number of viraemic HCV infections is expected to decline from 2014 to 2030, but the associated morbidity and mortality are expected to increase in all countries except for Japan and South Korea.

Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in select countries - volume 3.

Detailed, country-specific epidemiological data are needed to characterize the burden of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection around the world. With new treatment options available, policy makers and public health officials must reconsider national strategies for infection control. In this study of 15 countries, published and unpublished data on HCV prevalence, viraemia, genotype, age and gender distribution, liver transplants and diagnosis and treatment rates were gathered from the literature and validated by expert consensus in each country.

Predictors of significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients with low viremia.

Background And Aim: The data on the prevalence and predictors of significant fibrosis (≥F2, METAVIR) in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients with low viremia are limited. We aimed to assess both the prevalence predictors of ≥F2 fibrosis in hepatitis B envelope antigen-negative patients with HBV DNA <20,000 IU/mL.

Methods: Hepatitis B envelope antigen-negative patients (n=213) with mean HBV DNA <2000 IU/mL (n=97) and HBV DNA 2000 to 20,000 IU/mL (n=116) were included and all had liver biopsy.

The natural history and long-term outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 after interferon-based therapy.

Background & Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 (G4) infection is common in the Middle East. Post-treatment long-term outcomes have not been reported in these patients. This study evaluates these outcomes in patients after interferon-based therapy.

Caryospora cherrughi sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) infecting Falco cherrug in Saudi Arabia.

The oocysts of Caryospora cherrughi sp. n. were described from the feces of the saker falcon, Falco cherrug, collected from the falcon market in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

Epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Saudi Arabia: are we off the hook?

Some 400 million people worldwide are currently infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), and the infection is common in the Middle East. Another 170 million people around the globe presently live with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Both HBV and HCV represent a worldwide epidemic.

Eimeria biarmicus sp.n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) infecting falcons from the genus Falco in Saudi Arabia.

The oocysts of Eimeria biarmicus sp. n. were described from the feces of the lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus, collected from the falcon market in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

Caryospora biarmicusis sp.n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) infecting falcons from the genus Falco in Saudi Arabia.

The oocysts of Caryospora biarmicusis sp.n. is described from the feces of the lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus, from the falcon market in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

Eimeria falconensis sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus (Falconiformes: Falconidae) in Saudi Arabia.

The oocysts of Eimeria falconensis sp.n. is described from the feces of the lanner falcon, Falco biarmicus, from the falcon market in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia.

Quasispecies of genotype 4 of hepatitis C virus genomes in Saudi patients managed with interferon alfa and ribavirin therapy.

Background And Objectives: Many patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection do not respond to antiviral treatment, possibly due to viral quasispecies. We aimed to investigate whether the quasispecies population could be used as a predictor of response to therapy in our patients.

Methods: The quasispecies of HCV genotype 4 (HCV-4) were studied in 25 naïve Saudi patients at zero, three, and six months following interferon alfa and ribavirin combination therapy.

Long-term protection of hepatitis B vaccine 18 years after vaccination.

Introduction: This is the third evaluation study of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination program, initiated in 1989 in Saudi Arabia.

Aims: This study sought to assess the efficacy and long-term protection of the hepatitis B vaccine among Saudi adolescents.

Methods: School students between the ages of 16 and 18 years were randomly chosen from high endemic (Aseer), intermediate endemic (Madinah), and low endemic (Al-Qaseem) areas of the country.