Hippocampal activations in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis- an observational study on intramural encoding-delayed recall paradigms using task-based memory fMRI.

Objectives: To validate concurrent utility of within-scanner encoding and delayed recognition-memory paradigms to ascertain hippocampal activations during task-based memory fMRI.

Methods: Memory paradigms were designed for faces, word-pairs and abstract designs. A deep-encoding task was designed comprising of a total of 9 cycles run within a 1.

Is 'burned-out hippocampus' syndrome a distinct electro-clinical variant of MTLE-HS syndrome?

Aim: To study the clinical, electrophysiological and imaging characteristics of patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with contralateral ictal onset on scalp EEG, viz. 'burned-out hippocampus' syndrome (MTLE-BHS).

Methods: MTLE-BHS was defined as TLE with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS) without any dual pathology on MRI and contralateral ictal onset on scalp EEG, unlike in classical hippocampal sclerosis (HS).

Memory outcome following left anterior temporal lobectomy in patients with a failed Wada test.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the memory outcome following left anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) between patients with a failed Wada test and patients who passed the Wada test.

Methods: From 1996 to 2002, we performed the Wada test on all patients with unilateral left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) and concordant electroclinical data before ATL. We used a 12-item recognition paradigm for memory testing and awarded a score of +1 for each correct response and -0.

A critical evaluation of the lateralizing significance of material-specific memory deficits in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis.

To critically assess the value of material-specific memory deficits in lateralizing temporal lobe dysfunction preoperatively, we compared the neuropsychological data of 50 consecutive patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS; right: 31, left: 19) with those of 50 age- and education-matched healthy control subjects. On case-control comparison, both the subcohorts with left and right MTLE-HS performed poorly on intelligence tests, in addition to individual memory tests. However, comparison of the verbal and visual memory functions between subcohorts with right and left MTLE-HS revealed that learning trials and delayed word list recall were the only tests that hypothesized left temporal lobe dysfunction.

Sexual desire and satisfaction after resective surgery in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis.

Utilizing a questionnaire, we inquired about the self-perceived sexual behavior of 50 married males with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) before and after anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) and compared the results with those of 50 age-matched healthy married males. The sexual desire and satisfaction of the patients were poor when compared to the controls. Although a majority of the sexual domains improved following ATL, even after a median duration of five years, the sexual status of the patients did not match with that of the controls.

Qualitative aspects of learning, recall, and recognition in dementia.

Objective: To determine whether learning and serial position effect (SPE) differs qualitatively and quantitatively among different types of dementia and between dementia patients and controls; we also wished to find out whether interference affects it.

Materials And Methods: We administered the Malayalam version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) to 30 cognitively unimpaired controls and 80 dementia patients [30 with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 30 with vascular dementia (VaD), and 20 with frontotemporal dementia (FTD)] with mild severity on the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale.

Results: All groups were comparable on education and age, except the FTD group, who were younger.

Impaired facial emotion recognition in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS): Side and age at onset matters.

To define the determinants of impaired facial emotion recognition (FER) in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS), we examined 76 patients with unilateral MTLE-HS, 36 prior to antero-mesial temporal lobectomy (AMTL) and 40 after AMTL, and 28 healthy control subjects with a FER test consisting of 60 items (20 each for anger, fear, and happiness). Mean percentages of the accurate responses were calculated for different subgroups: right vs. left MTLE-HS, early (age at onset <6 years) vs.

Mini mental state examination and the Addenbrooke's cognitive examination: effect of education and norms for a multicultural population.

Objective: To derive population norms on the Malayalam adaptation of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) and the inclusive Malayalam mini mental state examination (M-MMSE).

Materials And Methods: Education-stratified norms were obtained on randomly selected cognitively unimpaired community elders (n = 519).

Results: Valid data on norms was available on 488 subjects (age 68.

Corpora amylacea in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: clinico-pathological correlations.

Purpose: To investigate the electro-clinical significance of premature accumulation of corpora amylacea (CoA) in the resected hippocampus of patients with medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS).

Methods: We compared the clinical and EEG characteristics, and post-operative seizure outcome of 373 (mean age 29.4 years, range 7-55 years) surgically treated MTLE-HS patients with (MTLE-HS-CoA(+), n=129 [34.