Rapid Exploration of Chemical Space by High-Throughput Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry.

This study leverages accelerated reactions at the solution/air interface of microdroplets generated by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) to explore the chemical space. DESI is utilized to synthesize drug analogs at an overall rate of 1 reaction mixture per second, working on the low-nanogram scale. Transformations of multiple drug molecules at specific functionalities (phenol, hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl, phenyl, thiophenyl, and alkenyl) are achieved using electrophilic/nucleophilic, redox, C-H functionalization, and coupling reactions.

Developing and Validating a Pediatric Potentially Avoidable Transfer Quality Metric.

This study aimed to evaluate a quality metric that identifies pediatric potentially avoidable transfers from diagnosis and procedure codes. Using physician medical record review as the gold standard, the following steps were used: (1) develop the initial metric definition, (2) estimate initial metric definition operating characteristics, (3) refine this definition to optimize the -statistic, and (4) validate this optimized metric definition using a separate sample. The initial metric using Sample A patient transfers had a -statistic of 0.

Young children's fast mapping and generalization of words, facts, and pictograms.

To test general and specific processes of symbol learning, 4- and 5-year-old children learned three kinds of abstract associates for novel objects: words, facts, and pictograms. To test fast mapping (i.e.