Current Management of Subcondylar Fractures of the Mandible, Including Endoscopic Repair.

Treatment of subcondylar fractures has been the subject of debate for many years. Options for treatment include physical therapy, elastic maxillomandibular fixation, and open repair. Proper imaging and clinical evaluation are imperative when deciding on the best management option.

Surgical orthodontics.

Purpose Of Review: The article reviews some commonly used orthodontic treatments as well as new strategies to assist in the correction of malocclusion. Many techniques are used in conjunction with surgical intervention and are a necessary compliment to orthognathic surgery. Basic knowledge of these practices will aid in the surgeon's ability to adequately treat the patient.

The effect of antibiotics on the microbiome in acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Current treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is driven by identification of predominant bacteria using culture-based methods and determination of antibiotic sensitivities. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of the sinonasal microbiome to antibiotic therapy in the setting of an acute exacerbation of CRS.

Methods: Aspirate and swab samples for culture and DNA analysis were collected bilaterally from 8 CRS patients presenting with acute exacerbations.

One-pot synthesis of polysubstituted indoles from aliphatic nitro compounds under mild conditions.

Polysubstituted indoles can be prepared directly from functionalized nitroalkanes under very mildly acidic conditions in a simple, one-pot, two-stage procedure.