A Cross-sectional Comparison of Cleft Lip Severity in 3 Regional Populations.

Objective: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare the severity of unilateral cleft lips in populations of Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Northern Africa and the Middle East. We hypothesize that severity of unilateral cleft lips shows significant variation between these populations.

Methods: Medical photographs of 780 patients with primary unilateral cleft lips treated by Operation Smile during November 2007 were reviewed.

Anatomy in ancient India: a focus on the Susruta Samhita.

This review focuses on how the study of anatomy in India has evolved through the centuries. Anatomical knowledge in ancient India was derived principally from animal sacrifice, chance observations of improperly buried human bodies, and examinations of patients made by doctors during treatment. The Vedic philosophies form the basis of the Ayurvedic tradition, which is considered to be one of the oldest known systems of medicine.