Background/aim: The recombination of V, D, and J immunoglobulin (IG) gene segments leads to many variations in the amino acids (AAs) encoded at that site, the complementarity determining region-3 (CDR3). Thus, cancer patients may have varying degrees of CDR3 AA binding specificity for cancer proteases, for example, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2). MMP2 in breast cancer has been found to contribute to metastasis and is used as a marker for tumor staging.
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