Entering the TiME machine: How age-related changes in the tumor immune microenvironment impact melanoma progression and therapy response.

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer in the United States, with its incidence rates rising in older populations. As the immune system undergoes age-related changes, these alterations can significantly influence tumor progression and the effectiveness of cancer treatments. Recent advancements in understanding immune checkpoint molecules have paved the way for the development of innovative immunotherapies targeting solid tumors.

Age-Related Increases in IGFBP2 Increase Melanoma Cell Invasion and Lipid Synthesis.

Unlabelled: Aged patients with melanoma (>65 years old) have more aggressive disease relative to young patients (<55 years old) for reasons that are not completely understood. Analysis of the young and aged secretome from human dermal fibroblasts identified >5-fold levels of IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) in the aged fibroblast secretome. IGFBP2 functionally triggers upregulation of the PI3K-dependent fatty acid biosynthesis program in melanoma cells.

Age-dependent loss of HAPLN1 erodes vascular integrity via indirect upregulation of endothelial ICAM1 in melanoma.

Melanoma, the most lethal form of skin cancer, often has worse outcomes in older patients. We previously demonstrated that an age-related decrease in the secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) protein HAPLN1 has a role in slowing melanoma progression. Here we show that HAPLN1 in the dermal ECM is sufficient to maintain the integrity of melanoma-associated blood vessels, as indicated by increased collagen and VE-cadherin expression.

Collagen VI deposition mediates stromal T cell trapping through inhibition of T cell motility in the prostate tumor microenvironment.

The tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) is a barrier to anti-tumor immunity in solid tumors by disrupting T cell-tumor cell interaction underlying the need for elucidating mechanisms by which specific ECM proteins impact T cell motility and activity within the desmoplastic stroma of solid tumors. Here, we show that Collagen VI (Col VI) deposition correlates with stromal T cell density in human prostate cancer specimens. Furthermore, motility of CD4+ T cells is completely ablated on purified Col VI surfaces when compared with Fibronectin and Collagen I.

Age-related increases in IGFBP2 increase melanoma cell invasion and lipid synthesis.

Unlabelled: Aged melanoma patients (>65 years old) have more aggressive disease relative to young patients (<55 years old) for reasons that are not completely understood. Analysis of the young and aged secretome from human dermal fibroblasts identified >5-fold levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) in the aged fibroblast secretome. IGFBP2 functionally triggers upregulation of the PI3K-dependent fatty acid biosynthesis program in melanoma cells through increases in FASN.

Prevalence and Profiles of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (A) and in Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Isolated from Dairy Calf Feces.

The use of antibiotics to treat dairy calves may result in multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing . This study investigated fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance genes among ESBL-producing isolated from dairy calves. Fresh fecal samples from 147 dairy calves across three age groups were enriched to select for ESBL-producing Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone (), macrolide ((A)), and beta-lactam ( groups 1 and 9) resistance genes were identified by PCR and gel electrophoresis in ESBL-producing .

A genome-wide screen reveals the involvement of enterobactin-mediated iron acquisition in Escherichia coli survival during copper stress.

Copper (Cu) is a key transition metal that is involved in many important biological processes in a cell. Cu is also utilized by the immune system to hamper pathogen growth during infection. However, genome-level knowledge on the mechanisms involved in adaptation to Cu stress is limited.

What behavior change techniques are associated with effective interventions to reduce screen time in 0-5 year olds? A narrative systematic review.

Screen time has been linked to obesity in young children. Therefore, this systematic review aims to investigate which Behavior Change Techniques (BCTs) are associated with the effectiveness of interventions to reduce screen time in 0-5 year olds. Seven databases were searched, including PsycInfo, PubMed, and Medline.

Simultaneous inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Src abolishes androgen receptor signaling.

Altered c-Src activity has been strongly implicated in the development, growth, progression, and metastasis of human cancers including prostate cancer. Src is known to regulate several biological functions of tumor cells, including proliferation. There are several Src inhibitors under evaluation for clinical effectiveness but have shown little activity in monotherapy trials of solid tumors.

A non-destructive BFCOD assay for in vivo measurement of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) enzyme activity in fish embryos and larvae.

There is increasing interest in quantifying the exposure and effects of anthropogenic contaminants in fish. Determination of exposures in wild fish is routinely performed, but methods to investigate potential effects are less established. One of the most relevant approaches would be the use of in vivo assays, but existing assays are often limited to in vitro determination of enzyme activity.

Development of Betta splendens embryos and larvae reveals variation in pigmentation patterns.

Vertebrate pigmentation provides an ideal system for studying the intersections between evolution, genetics, and developmental biology. Teleost fish, with their accessible developmental stages and intense and diverse colours produced by chromatophores, are an ideal group for study. We set out to test whether Betta splendens is a good model organism for studying the evolution and development of diverse pigmentation.