Dysregulation of Nitrosylation Dynamics Promotes Nitrosative Stress and Contributes to Cardiometabolic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Background: Recent reports suggest increased myocardial iNOS expression leads to excessive protein -nitrosylation, contributing to the pathophysiology of HFpEF. However, the relationship between NO bioavailability, dynamic regulation of protein -nitrosylation by trans- and de-nitrosylases, and HFpEF pathophysiology has not been elucidated. Here, we provide novel insights into the delicate interplay between NO bioavailability and protein -nitrosylation in HFpEF.

Reduced Hydrogen Sulfide Bioavailability Contributes to Cardiometabolic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a significant public health concern with limited treatment options. Dysregulated nitric oxide-mediated signaling has been implicated in HFpEF pathophysiology, however, little is known about the role of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

Objectives: This study evaluated H2S bioavailability in patients and two animal models of cardiometabolic HFpEF and assessed the impact of H2S on HFpEF severity through alterations in endogenous H2S production and pharmacological supplementation.

Indole-3-Propionic Acid Protects Against Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common but poorly understood form of heart failure, characterized by impaired diastolic function. It is highly heterogeneous with multiple comorbidities, including obesity and diabetes, making human studies difficult.

Methods: Metabolomic analyses in a mouse model of HFpEF showed that levels of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a metabolite produced by gut bacteria from tryptophan, were reduced in the plasma and heart tissue of HFpEF mice as compared with controls.

Myocardial Involvement in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.

Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) are defined by the potential to affect multiple organ systems, and cardiac involvement is a prevalent but often overlooked sequela. Myocardial involvement in SARDs is medicated by macrovascular disease, microvascular dysfunction, and myocarditis. Systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and sarcoidosis are associated with the greatest risk of myocardial damage and heart failure, though myocardial involvement is also seen in other SARDs or their treatments.

Transcriptional regulation of neural stem cell expansion in the adult hippocampus.

Experience governs neurogenesis from radial-glial neural stem cells (RGLs) in the adult hippocampus to support memory. Transcription factors (TFs) in RGLs integrate physiological signals to dictate self-renewal division mode. Whereas asymmetric RGL divisions drive neurogenesis during favorable conditions, symmetric divisions prevent premature neurogenesis while amplifying RGLs to anticipate future neurogenic demands.

Cases from the Immune-Related Adverse Event Tumor Board: Diagnosis and Management of Immune Checkpoint Blockade-Induced Diabetes.

The addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to the armamentarium of cancer therapies has resulted in unprecedented improvement in clinical outcomes for a vast range of malignancies. Because they interfere with the physiologic function of immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death protein 1 or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, to promote self-tolerance, these agents are associated with a unique spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune-mediated endocrinopathies are among the most commonly noted irAEs.

Combination of Peri- and Intratumoral Radiomic Features on Baseline CT Scans Predicts Response to Chemotherapy in Lung Adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: To identify the role of radiomics texture features both within and outside the nodule in predicting time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) as well as response to chemotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Materials And Methods: Data in a total of 125 patients who had been treated with pemetrexed-based platinum doublet chemotherapy at Cleveland Clinic were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided randomly into two sets with the constraint that there were an equal number of responders and nonresponders in the training set.

The impact of a school food aid program on household food insecurity.

Background: We had a unique opportunity to establish the extent of food insecurity and the potential impact of a large-scale school-based nutritional program, in low-socioeconomic status districts of Greece, during the current economic crisis.

Methods: Around 162 schools with 25 349 students participated during the 2012-2013 school year. Each student received a daily healthy meal designed by nutrition specialists.