Evaluation of long-term clinical outcomes and the incidence of adjacent proximal segment degenerative disease with algorithmic transforaminal interbody fusion: A multicenter prospective study.

Study Design: This was a prospective multicenter study.

Background: Adjacent segment degenerative disease (ASDd) is a common complication of open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (O-TLIF), the leading cause of which is initial adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). To date, various surgical techniques for the prevention of ASDd have been developed, such as, simultaneous use of interspinous stabilization (IS) and preventive rigid stabilization of the adjacent segment.