Study of the pharmacokinetics of various drugs under conditions of antiorthostatic hypokinesia and the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen under long-term spaceflight conditions.

Objectives: To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of drugs of different chemical structure and pharmacological action under conditions simulating the effects of some factors of spaceflight, as well as the peculiarities of the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen under long-term spaceflight conditions.

Methods: The pharmacokinetics of verapamil (n=8), propranolol (n=8), etacizine (n=9), furosemide (n=6), and acetaminophen (n=7) in healthy volunteers after a single oral administration under normal conditions (background) and under antiorthostatic hypokinesia (ANOH), the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in spaceflight members under normal ground conditions (background) (n=8) and under prolonged spaceflight conditions (SF) (n=5) were studied.

Results: The stay of volunteers under antiorthostatic hypokinesia had different effects on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of drugs: Compared to background, there was a decreasing trend in V for verapamil (-54 Δ%), furosemide (-20 Δ%), propranolol (-8 Δ%), and acetaminophen (-9 Δ%), but a statistically significant increase in V was found for etacizine (+39 Δ%); there was an increasing trend in Cl for propranolol (+13 Δ%) and acetaminophen (+16 Δ%), and a decreasing trend in Cl for etacizine, verapamil, and furosemide (-22, -23 and -9 Δ% respectively) in ANOH.

Evaluation of the stability of furosemide in tablet form during six-month storage in spaceflight and peculiarities of its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics under conditions of anti-orthostatic hypokinesia.

Objectives: The present study investigated the stability of furosemide under space-flight conditions on board the International Space Station, as well as its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics under conditions simulating exposure to some space-flight factors.

Methods: Quantitative analysis of furosemide tablets by HPLC was performed before spaceflight (background), then after six months storage under normal ground conditions (control) and under spaceflight conditions (SF). The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of furosemide were studied in six healthy volunteers after a single oral dose of 40 mg under normal conditions (background) and under anti-orthostatic hypokinesia (ANOH).

Study of the pharmacokinetics of various drugs under conditions of antiorthostatic hypokinesia and the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen under long-term spaceflight conditions.

Objectives: To study the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of drugs of different chemical structure and pharmacological action under conditions simulating the effects of some factors of spaceflight, as well as the peculiarities of the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen under long-term spaceflight conditions.

Methods: The pharmacokinetics of verapamil (n=8), propranolol (n=8), etacizine (n=9), furosemide (n=6), and acetaminophen (n=7) in healthy volunteers after a single oral administration under normal conditions (background) and under antiorthostatic hypokinesia (ANOH), the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in spaceflight members under normal ground conditions (background) (n=8) and under prolonged spaceflight conditions (SF) (n=5) were studied.

Results: The stay of volunteers under antiorthostatic hypokinesia had different effects on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of drugs: Compared to background, there was a decreasing trend in V for verapamil (-54 Δ%), furosemide (-20 Δ%), propranolol (-8 Δ%), and acetaminophen (-9 Δ%), but a statistically significant increase in V was found for etacizine (+39 Δ%); there was an increasing trend in Cl for propranolol (+13 Δ%) and acetaminophen (+16 Δ%), and a decreasing trend in Cl for etacizine, verapamil, and furosemide (-22, -23 and -9 Δ% respectively) in ANOH.

Proteome Profiling of the Exhaled Breath Condensate after Long-Term Spaceflights.

Comprehensive studies of the effects of prolonged exposure to space conditions and the overload experienced during landing on physiological and biochemical changes in the human body are extremely important in the context of planning long-distance space flights, which can be associated with constant overloads and various risk factors for significant physiological changes. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) can be considered as a valuable subject for monitoring physiological changes and is more suitable for long-term storage than traditional monitoring subjects such as blood and urine. Herein, the EBC proteome changes due to the effects of spaceflight factors are analyzed.